Acetaminophen/chlorpheniramine maleate/K sulphoguaiacolate/phenylephrine Uses

How do you administer this medicine?
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Consists of Acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, K sulphoguaiacolate, phenylephrine

What is Acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen is used together with other medicines (eg, narcotic pain relievers) to relieve moderate to severe pain.

Acetaminophen is used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever in patients. It does not become habit-forming when taken for a long time. Acetaminophen may cause unwanted effects when taken in large doses, including liver damage.

acetaminophen is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Acetaminophen indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
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Acetaminophen is indicated for

How should I use Acetaminophen?

Use Acetaminophen as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Acetaminophen.

Uses of Acetaminophen in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
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This drug is used to treat mild to moderate pain (from headaches, menstrual periods, toothaches, backaches, osteoarthritis, or cold/flu aches and pains) and to reduce fever.

How to use Acetaminophen

Take this product by mouth as directed. Follow all directions on the product package. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

There are many brands and forms of acetaminophen available. Read the dosing instructions carefully for each product because the amount of acetaminophen may be different between products. Do not take more acetaminophen than recommended.

If you are giving acetaminophen to a child, be sure you use a product that is meant for children. Use your child's weight to find the right dose on the product package. If you don't know your child's weight, you can use their age.

For suspensions, shake the medication well before each dose. Some liquids do not need to be shaken before use. Follow all directions on the product package. Measure the liquid medication with the provided dose-measuring spoon/dropper/syringe to make sure you have the correct dose. Do not use a household spoon.

For rapidly-dissolving tablets, chew or allow to dissolve on the tongue, then swallow with or without water. For chewable tablets, chew thoroughly before swallowing.

Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split the tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.

For effervescent tablets, dissolve the dose in the recommended amount of water, then drink.

Pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the symptoms have worsened, the medication may not work as well.

Do not take this medication for fever for more than 3 days unless directed by your doctor. For adults, do not take this product for pain for more than 10 days (5 days in children) unless directed by your doctor. If the child has a sore throat (especially with high fever, headache, or nausea/vomiting), consult the doctor promptly.

Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens or if you develop new symptoms. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Acetaminophen description

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Acetaminophen (with the Optizorb formulation) also contains the following excipients: Pregelatinized maize starch, calcium carbonate, alginic acid, crospovidone, povidone, magnesium stearate, colloidal anhydrous silica, parahydroxybenzoates (sodium methyl, ethyl and propyl), OPADRY YS-1-7003 white, carnauba wax, purified water.

It contains no sugar, lactose or gluten.

Acetaminophen dosage

General Dosing Information

Acetaminophen may be given as a single or repeated dose for the treatment of acute pain or fever. No dose adjustment is required when converting between oral acetaminophen and Acetaminophen dosing in adults and adolescents who weigh 50 kg and above. Calculated maximum daily dose of acetaminophen is based on all routes of administration (i.e., intravenous, oral, and rectal) and all products containing acetaminophen. Exceeding the maximum mg/kg daily dose of acetaminophen as described in Tables 1 to 3 may result in hepatic injury, including the risk of liver failure and death. To avoid the risk of overdose, ensure that the total amount of acetaminophen from all routes and from all sources does not exceed the maximum recommended dose.

Recommended

Dosage: Adults and Adolescents

Adults and adolescents weighing 50 kg and over: the recommended dosage of Acetaminophen is 1,000 mg every 6 hours or 650 mg every 4 hours, with a maximum single dose of Acetaminophen of 1,000 mg, a minimum dosing interval of 4 hours, and a maximum daily dose of acetaminophen of 4,000 mg per day (includes all routes of administration and all acetaminophen-containing products including combination products).

Adults and adolescents weighing under 50 kg: the recommended dosage of Acetaminophen is 15 mg/kg every 6 hours or 12.5 mg/kg every 4 hours, with a maximum single dose of Acetaminophen of 15 mg/kg, a minimum dosing interval of 4 hours, and a maximum daily dose of acetaminophen of 75 mg/kg per day (includes all routes of administration and all acetaminophen-containing products including combination products).

Table 1. Dosing for Adults and Adolescents
Age group

Dose given every 4 hours

Dose given every 6 hours

Maximum single dose

Maximum total daily dose of acetaminophen (by all routes)

Adults and adolescents (13 years and older) weighing

≥ 50 kg

650 mg

1,000 mg

1,000 mg

4,000 mg in 24 hours

Adults and adolescents (13 years and older) weighing

< 50 kg

12.5 mg/kg

15 mg/kg

15 mg/kg

(up to 750 mg)

75 mg/kg in

24 hours

(up to 3,750 mg)

Recommended

Dosage: Children

Children 2 to 12 years of age: the recommended dosage of Acetaminophen is 15 mg/kg every 6 hours or 12.5 mg/kg every 4 hours, with a maximum single dose of Acetaminophen of 15 mg/kg, a minimum dosing interval of 4 hours, and a maximum daily dose of acetaminophen of 75 mg/kg per day.

Table 2. Dosing for Children
Age group

Dose given every 4 hours

Dose given every 6 hours

Maximum single dose

Maximum total daily dose of acetaminophen (by all routes)

Children 2 to 12 years of age

12.5 mg/kg

15 mg/kg

15 mg/kg

(up to 750 mg)

75 mg/kg in

24 hours

(up to 3,750 mg)

Recommended Dosage for Treatment of Fever in Neonates and Infants

Neonates, including premature neonates born at ≥ 32 weeks gestational age, up to 28 days chronological age: the recommended dosage of acetaminophen is 12.5 mg/kg every 6 hours, to a maximum daily dose of acetaminophen of 50 mg/kg per day, with a minimum dosing interval of 6 hours.

Infants 29 days to 2 years of age: the recommended dosage of acetaminophen is 15 mg/kg every 6 hours, to a maximum daily dose of acetaminophen of 60 mg/kg per day, with a minimum dosing interval of 6 hours.

Table 3. Dosing for Treatment of Fever in Neonates and Infants
Age group

Dose given every 6 hours

Maximum total daily dose of acetaminophen (by all routes)

Neonates (birth to 28 days)

12.5 mg/kg

50 mg/kg

Infants (29 days to 2 years)

15 mg/kg

60 mg/kg

Instructions for

Intravenous Administration

For adult and adolescent patients weighing ≥ 50 kg requiring 1,000 mg doses of Acetaminophen, administer the dose by inserting a vented intravenous set through the septum of the 100 mL vial. Acetaminophen may be administered without further dilution. Examine the container contents before dose preparation or administering. DO NOT USE if particulate matter or discoloration is observed. Administer the contents of the vial intravenously over 15 minutes. Use aseptic technique when preparing Acetaminophen for intravenous infusion. Do not add other medications to the Acetaminophen vial or infusion device.

For doses less than 1,000 mg, the appropriate dose must be withdrawn from the container and placed into a separate container prior to administration. Using aseptic technique, withdraw the appropriate dose (650 mg or weight-based) from an intact sealed Acetaminophen container and place the measured dose in a separate empty, sterile container (e.g., glass bottle, plastic intravenous container, or syringe) for intravenous infusion to avoid the inadvertent delivery and administration of the total volume of the commercially available container. The entire 100 mL container of Acetaminophen is not intended for use in patients weighing less than 50 kg. Acetaminophen is supplied in a single-dose container and the unused portion must be discarded.

Place small volume pediatric doses up to 60 mL in volume in a syringe and administer over 15 minutes using a syringe pump.

Monitor the end of the infusion in order to prevent the possibility of an air embolism, especially in cases where the Acetaminophen infusion is the primary infusion.

Once the container seal has been penetrated, or the contents transferred to another container, administer the dose of Acetaminophen within 6 hours.

Do not add other medications to the Acetaminophen solution. Diazepam and chlorpromazine hydrochloride are physically incompatible with Acetaminophen, therefore do not administer simultaneously.

Acetaminophen interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Acetaminophen?

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Acetaminophen is metabolized (eliminated by conversion to other chemicals) by the liver. Therefore drugs that increase the action of liver enzymes that metabolize acetaminophen [for example, carbamazepine (Tegretol), isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid, Laniazid), rifampin (Rifamate, Rifadin, Rimactane)] reduce the levels of acetaminophen and may decrease the action of acetaminophen. Doses of acetaminophen greater than the recommended doses are toxic to the liver and may result in severe liver damage. The potential for acetaminophen to harm the liver is increased when it is combined with alcohol or drugs that also harm the liver.

Cholestyramine (Questran) reduces the effect of acetaminophen by decreasing its absorption into the body from the intestine. Therefore, acetaminophen should be administered 3 to 4 hours after cholestyramine or one hour before cholestyramine.

Acetaminophen doses greater than 2275 mg per day may increase the blood thinning effect of warfarin (Coumadin) by an unknown mechanism. Therefore, prolonged administration or large doses of acetaminophen should be avoided during warfarin therapy

Acetaminophen side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Acetaminophen?

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:

Clinical Trial Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed cannot be directly compared to rates in other clinical trials and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adult Population

A total of 1,020 adult patients have received acetaminophen in clinical trials, including 37.3% (n=380) who received 5 or more doses, and 17.0% (n=173) who received more than 10 doses. Most patients were treated with acetaminophen 1,000 mg every 6 hours. A total of 13.1% (n=134) received acetaminophen 650 mg every 4 hours.

All adverse reactions that occurred in adult patients treated with either acetaminophen or placebo in repeated dose, placebo-controlled clinical trials at an incidence ≥ 3% and at a greater frequency than placebo are listed in Table 4. The most common adverse events in adult patients treated with acetaminophen (incidence ≥ 5% and greater than placebo) were nausea, vomiting, headache, and insomnia.

Table 4. Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 3% of Acetaminophen-treated Adult Patients and at a Greater Frequency than Placebo in Placebo-Controlled, Repeated Dose Studies
* Pyrexia adverse reaction frequency data is included in order to alert healthcare practitioners that the antipyretic effects of acetaminophen may mask fever.
System Organ Class – Preferred Term

Acetaminophen (N=402)

n (%)

Placebo (N=379)

n (%)

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nausea

Vomiting

138 (34)

62 (15)

119 (31)

42 (11)

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions

Pyrexia*

22 (5)

52 (14)

Nervous System Disorders

Headache

39 (10)

33 (9)

Psychiatric Disorders

Insomnia

30 (7)

21 (5)

Other Adverse Reactions Observed During Clinical Studies of Acetaminophen in Adults

The following additional treatment-emergent adverse reactions were reported by adult subjects treated with acetaminophen in all clinical trials (n=1,020) that occurred with an incidence of at least 1% and at a frequency greater than placebo (n=525).

Blood and lymphatic system disorders: anemia

General disorders and administration site conditions: fatigue, infusion site pain, edema peripheral

Investigations: aspartate aminotransferase increased, breath sounds abnormal

Metabolism and nutrition disorders: hypokalemia

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: muscle spasms, trismus

Psychiatric disorders: anxiety

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea

Vascular disorders: hypertension, hypotension

Pediatric Population

A total of 483 pediatric patients (72 neonates, 167 infants, 171 children, and 73 adolescents) have received acetaminophen in active-controlled (n=250) and open-label clinical trials (n=225), including 43.9% (n=212) who received 5 or more doses and 31.2% (n=153) who received more than 10 doses. Pediatric patients received acetaminophen doses up to 15 mg/kg on an every 4 hours, every 6 hours, or every 8 hours schedule. The maximum exposure was 7.7, 6.4, 6.8, and 7.1 days in neonates, infants, children, and adolescents, respectively.

The most common adverse events (incidence ≥ 5%) in pediatric patients treated with acetaminophen were nausea, vomiting, constipation, and pruritus.

Other Adverse Reactions Observed During Clinical Studies of Acetaminophen in Pediatrics

The following additional treatment-emergent adverse reactions were reported by pediatric subjects treated with acetaminophen (n=483) that occurred with an incidence of at least 1%.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders: anemia

Gastrointestinal disorders: diarrhea

General disorders and administration site conditions: pyrexia, injection site pain

Metabolism and nutrition disorders: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: muscle spasm

Nervous system disorders: headache

Psychiatric disorders: agitation

Renal and urinary disorders: oliguria

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: atelectasis, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, stridor, wheezing

Vascular disorders: hypotension, hypertension

Acetaminophen contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Acetaminophen?

There are many brands and forms of acetaminophen available and not all brands are listed on this leaflet.

Do not take more of this medication than is recommended. An overdose of acetaminophen can damage your liver or cause death.

Know the amount of acetaminophen in the specific product you are taking.

Do not take this medication without a doctor's advice if you have ever had alcoholic liver disease (cirrhosis) or if you drink more than 3 alcoholic beverages per day. You may not be able to take acetaminophen.

Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of liver damage while taking acetaminophen.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take this medicine if you have liver disease or a history of alcoholism.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any other cold, allergy, pain, or sleep medication. Acetaminophen (sometimes abbreviated as APAP) is contained in many combination medicines. Taking certain products together can cause you to get too much acetaminophen which can lead to a fatal overdose. Check the label to see if a medicine contains acetaminophen or APAP.

What is Chlorpheniramine maleate?

Chlorpheniramine maleate is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose.

Chlorpheniramine maleate is used to treat runny nose, sneezing, itching, and watery eyes caused by allergies, the common cold, or the flu.

Chlorpheniramine maleate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Chlorpheniramine maleate indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, Chlorpheniramine maleate or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

Temporary relief of sneezing, itchy, watery eyes, itchy nose or throat, and runny nose caused by hay fever (allergic rhinitis), or other respiratory allergies.

How should I use Chlorpheniramine maleate?

Use Chlorpheniramine maleate as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Chlorpheniramine maleate.

Uses of Chlorpheniramine maleate in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.

This medication is used to treat itching and pain caused by minor burns/cuts/scrapes, sunburn, insect bites, minor skin irritations, or rashes from poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac.

Diphenhydramine belongs to a class of drugs known as antihistamines. It works by preventing the effects of a certain natural substance (histamine) that causes itching. Calamine helps to dry the oozing and weeping caused by irritation from poisonous plants.

Use of this medication is not recommended in children younger than 2 years unless directed by the doctor.

How to use Chlorpheniramine maleate topical

Use this medication on the skin only. Some products may need to be shaken well before use. Follow all directions on the product package, or use as directed by your doctor. Before applying, clean the affected area with soap and water. Gently pat dry. Apply to the affected area as directed, usually 3 to 4 times a day. Wash hands immediately after use, unless the area being treated includes the hands.

Do not use on large areas of the body or apply more often than directed. Do not use on chickenpox or measles. Do not use with other products that contain diphenhydramine (e.g., allergy medication taken by mouth). Your condition will not clear faster, but side effects may be increased.

Avoid getting the product in your eyes, nose, ears, or mouth. If the medication gets in these areas, rinse the area right away with clean water.

Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens after 7 days of treatment. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.

Chlorpheniramine maleate description

An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.

Chlorpheniramine maleate dosage

Tab Adult & childn >12 yr 1 tab tds-qds. Childn 6-12 yr ½ tab tds-qds. Syr Adult 5 mL tds-qds. Childn 6-12 yr 2.5 mL tds-qds, 2-5 yr 1.25 mL tds-qds.

Chlorpheniramine maleate interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Chlorpheniramine maleate?

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: antihistamines applied to the skin (such as diphenhydramine cream, ointment, spray), antispasmodics (e.g., atropine, belladonna alkaloids), drugs for Parkinson's disease (e.g., anticholinergics such as benztropine, trihexyphenidyl), scopolamine, tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline).

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you also take drugs that cause drowsiness such as: certain antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), anti-seizure drugs (e.g., carbamazepine), medicine for sleep or anxiety (e.g., alprazolam, diazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants, narcotic pain relievers (e.g., codeine), psychiatric medicines (e.g., chlorpromazine, risperidone, amitriptyline, trazodone). Check the labels on all your medicines (e.g., cough-and-cold products) because they may contain drowsiness-causing ingredients. Ask your pharmacist about the safe use of those products.

Chlorpheniramine maleate is very similar to dexchlorpheniramine. Do not use medications containing dexchlorpheniramine while using Chlorpheniramine maleate.

This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including allergy skin testing), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Chlorpheniramine maleate side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Chlorpheniramine maleate?

Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, constipation, stomach upset, blurred vision, decreased coordination, or dry mouth/nose/throat may occur. These effects may decrease as your body adjusts to the medication. If any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

To relieve dry mouth, suck on (sugarless) hard candy or ice chips, chew (sugarless) gum, drink water, or use a saliva substitute. Chlorpheniramine maleate can dry up and thicken mucus in your lungs, making it more difficult to breathe and clear your lungs. To help prevent this effect, drink plenty of fluids unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

If you are using a sustained-release product, an empty tablet shell may appear in your stool. This is harmless.

If your doctor has prescribed this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (e.g., hallucinations, irritability, nervousness, confusion), ringing in the ears, trouble urinating.

Tell your doctor right away if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: easy bruising/bleeding, fast/irregular heartbeat, seizure.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US -

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Chlorpheniramine maleate contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Chlorpheniramine maleate?

Hypersensitivity to antihistamines; narrow-angle glaucoma; stenosing peptic ulcer; symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy; asthmatic attack; bladder neck obstruction; pyloroduodenal obstruction; MAO therapy; use in newborn or premature infants and in breast-feeding mothers.

What is Phenylephrine?

Phenylephrine (phenylephrine) is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose).

Phenylephrine is used to treat nasal and sinus congestion, or congestion of the tubes that drain fluid from your inner ears, called the eustachian (yoo-STAY-shun) tubes.

Phenylephrine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Phenylephrine indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, Phenylephrine or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

Phenylephrine is used for the temporary relief of stuffy nose, sinus, and ear symptoms caused by the common cold, flu, allergies, or other breathing illnesses (e.g., sinusitis, bronchitis). This medication works by decreasing swelling in the nose and ears, thereby lessening discomfort and making it easier to breathe.

Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Therefore, do not use this product to treat cold symptoms in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Some products (such as long-acting tablets/capsules) are not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely.

How should I use Phenylephrine?

Use Phenylephrine as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Phenylephrine.

Uses of Phenylephrine in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.

Use: Labeled Indications

Hypotension/shock: Treatment of hypotension, vascular failure in shock. Note: Not recommended for routine use in the treatment of septic shock; use should be limited until more evidence demonstrating positive clinical outcomes becomes available (Rhodes 2017).

Guideline recommendations:

Cardiogenic shock: The 2017 American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement for the Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock recommends phenylephrine, if needed, be considered for initial vasoactive management of cardiogenic shock due to aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, or dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (AHA [van Diepen 2017]).

Hypotension during anesthesia: As a vasoconstrictor in regional analgesia

Nasal congestion: As a decongestant [OTC]

Off Label Uses

Hypotension in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Phenylephrine is a pure alpha1 agonist that will increase systemic vascular resistance without increasing heart rate or contractility. This is advantageous in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypotension since increases in both heart rate and contractility may cause the obstruction to worsen, leading to a decrease in cardiac output. Other vasopressors like dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine may increase contractility and/or heart rate. Additional trials may be necessary to further define the role of phenylephrine in this condition.

Based on the American Urological Association guidelines for the management of priapism, due to the low risk of cardiovascular side effects intracavernous injection of phenylephrine is recommended for ischemic priapism that persists following aspiration/irrigation.

Phenylephrine description

Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic amine that acts predominantly on α-adrenergic receptors. It is mainly used to treat nasal congestion, but may also be useful in treating hypotension and shock, hypotension during spinal anaesthesia, prolongation of spinal anaesthesia, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, symptomatic relief of external or internal hemorrhoids, and to increase blood pressure as an aid in the diagnosis of heart murmurs.

Phenylephrine dosage

Phenylephrine Dosage

Generic name: PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE 10mg in 1mL

Dosage form: injection

The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist.

General Dosage and Administration Instructions

Phenylephrine (phenylephrine hydrochloride) Injection, 10 mg/mL must be diluted before administration as an intravenous bolus or continuous intravenous infusion to achieve the desired concentration:

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Do not use if the solution is colored or cloudy, or if it contains particulate matter. The diluted solution should not be held for more than 4 hours at room temperature or for more than 24 hours under refrigerated conditions. Discard any unused portion.

During Phenylephrine administration:

Dosing for Treatment of Hypotension during Anesthesia

The following are the recommended dosages for the treatment of hypotension during anesthesia.

Prepare a 100 mcg/mL Solution for Bolus

Intravenous Administration

For bolus intravenous administration, prepare a solution containing a final concentration of 100 mcg/mL of Phenylephrine:

Prepare a Solution for Continuous

Intravenous Administration

For continuous intravenous infusion, prepare a solution containing a final concentration of 20 mcg/mL of Phenylephrine in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP:

Directions for Dispensing from Pharmacy Bulk Vial

The Pharmacy Bulk Vial is intended for dispensing of single doses to multiple patients in a pharmacy admixture program and is restricted to the preparation of admixtures for infusion. Each closure shall be penetrated only one time with a suitable sterile transfer device or dispensing set that allows measured dispensing of the contents. The Pharmacy Bulk Vial is to be used only in a suitable work area such as a laminar flow hood (or an equivalent clean air compounding area). Dispensing from a pharmacy bulk vial should be completed within 4 hours after the vial is penetrated.

More about Phenylephrine (phenylephrine)

Consumer resources

Professional resources

Related treatment guides

Phenylephrine interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Phenylephrine?

Phenylephrine: May increase the serum concentration of Phenylephrine (Systemic). Monitor therapy

Alpha1-Blockers: May diminish the vasoconstricting effect of Alpha1-Agonists. Similarly, Alpha1-Agonists may antagonize Alpha1-Blocker vasodilation. Monitor therapy

AtoMOXetine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. AtoMOXetine may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy

Benzylpenicilloyl Polylysine: Alpha1-Agonists may diminish the diagnostic effect of Benzylpenicilloyl Polylysine. Management: Consider use of a histamine skin test as a positive control to assess a patient's ability to mount a wheal and flare response. Consider therapy modification

Cannabinoid-Containing Products: May enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Exceptions: Cannabidiol. Monitor therapy

Chloroprocaine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Phenylephrine (Systemic). Monitor therapy

CloZAPine: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Phenylephrine (Systemic). Monitor therapy

Cocaine (Topical): May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Management: Consider alternatives to use of this combination when possible. Monitor closely for substantially increased blood pressure or heart rate and for any evidence of myocardial ischemia with concurrent use. Consider therapy modification

Doxofylline: Sympathomimetics may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Doxofylline. Monitor therapy

Ergot Derivatives: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha1-Agonists. Ergot Derivatives may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Alpha1-Agonists. Exceptions: Ergoloid Mesylates; Nicergoline. Avoid combination

FentaNYL: Alpha1-Agonists may decrease the serum concentration of FentaNYL. Specifically, fentanyl nasal spray serum concentrations may decrease and onset of effect may be delayed. Monitor therapy

Guanethidine: May enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Sympathomimetics. Guanethidine may enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy

Hyaluronidase: May enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Phenylephrine (Systemic). Management: Avoid the use of hyaluronidase to enhance dispersion or absorption of phenylephrine. Use of hyaluronidase for other purposes in patients receiving phenylephrine may be considered as clinically indicated. Avoid combination

Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products: Alpha1-Agonists may diminish the therapeutic effect of Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products. Management: Discontinue all drugs that may inhibit or interfere with catecholamine transport or uptake for at least 5 biological half-lives before iobenguane administration. Do not administer these drugs until at least 7 days after each iobenguane dose. Avoid combination

Ioflupane I 123: Phenylephrine (Systemic) may diminish the diagnostic effect of Ioflupane I 123. Monitor therapy

Linezolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Management: Reduce initial doses of sympathomimetic agents, and closely monitor for enhanced pressor response, in patients receiving linezolid. Specific dose adjustment recommendations are not presently available. Consider therapy modification

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Alpha1-Agonists. While linezolid is expected to interact via this mechanism, management recommendations differ from other monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Refer to linezolid specific monographs for details. Exceptions: Linezolid. Avoid combination

Ozanimod: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Management: Concomitant use of ozanimod with sympathomimetic agents is not recommended. If combined, monitor patients closely for the development of hypertension, including hypertensive crises. Consider therapy modification

Propacetamol: May increase the serum concentration of Phenylephrine (Systemic). Management: Monitor patients closely for increased side effects of phenylephrine if propacetamol is used concomitantly. Patients with underlying blood pressure issues or arrhythmias may need closer monitoring and may warrant consideration of alternative therapies. Monitor therapy

Solriamfetol: Sympathomimetics may enhance the hypertensive effect of Solriamfetol. Sympathomimetics may enhance the tachycardic effect of Solriamfetol. Monitor therapy

Sympathomimetics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy

Tedizolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Tedizolid may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy

Tricyclic Antidepressants: May enhance the therapeutic effect of Alpha1-Agonists. Tricyclic Antidepressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Alpha1-Agonists. Monitor therapy

Phenylephrine side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Phenylephrine?

Applies to phenylephrine: intravenous solution

In addition to its needed effects, some unwanted effects may be caused by phenylephrine (the active ingredient contained in Phenylephrine). In the event that any of these side effects do occur, they may require medical attention.

If any of the following side effects occur while taking phenylephrine, check with your doctor or nurse immediately:

Incidence not known:

If any of the following symptoms of overdose occur while taking phenylephrine, get emergency help immediately:

Symptoms of overdose:

Minor Side Effects

Some of the side effects that can occur with phenylephrine may not need medical attention. As your body adjusts to the medicine during treatment these side effects may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects. If any of the following side effects continue, are bothersome or if you have any questions about them, check with your health care professional:

Incidence not known:

Phenylephrine contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Phenylephrine?

Phenylephrine hydrochloride should not be used in patients with severe hypertension, ventricular tachycardia, or in patients who are hypersensitive to it or to any of the components.

Active ingredient matches for Acetaminophen/chlorpheniramine maleate/K sulphoguaiacolate/phenylephrine:

Acetaminophen/chlorpheniramine maleate/K sulphoguaiacolate/phenylephrine


List of Acetaminophen/chlorpheniramine maleate/K sulphoguaiacolate/phenylephrine substitutes (brand and generic names)

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Zacoldine 60 mL x 1's$ 1.09

References

  1. DailyMed. "CHLORPHENIRAMINE POLISTIREX; HYDROCODONE POLISTIREX: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
  2. DailyMed. "ACETAMINOPHEN; ASPIRIN; CAFFEINE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
  3. PubChem. "phenylephrine". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/com... (accessed September 17, 2018).

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