Ascorbic acid/cholecalciferol/cyanocobalamin/dl-α tocopheryl acetate/folic acid/niacin/pyridoxine HCl/Retinol/riboflavin/thiamine mononitrate Uses

How long did you take this medication to work?
sponsored

Consists of ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, cyanocobalamin, dl-α tocopheryl acetate, folic acid, niacin, pyridoxine HCl, Retinol, riboflavin, thiamine mononitrate

What is Ascorbic acid?

ascorbic acid occurs naturally in foods such as citrus fruit, tomatoes, potatoes, and leafy vegetables. Ascorbic acid is important for bones and connective tissues, muscles, and blood vessels. Ascorbic acid also helps the body absorb iron, which is needed for red blood cell production.

Ascorbic acid is used to treat and prevent Ascorbic acid deficiency.

Ascorbic acid may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Ascorbic acid indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
sponsored

For systemic use of Ascorbic acid Atlantic Laboratories: prevention and treatment of hypo- and avitaminosis of Ascorbic acid; providing increased need for Ascorbic acid during growth, pregnancy, lactation, with heavy loads, fatigue and during recovery after prolonged severe illness; in winter with an increased risk of infectious diseases.

For intravaginal use: chronic or recurrent vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific vaginitis) caused by the anaerobic flora (due to changes in pH of the vagina) in order to normalize disturbed vaginal microflora.

How should I use Ascorbic acid?

Use Ascorbic acid as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Ascorbic acid.

Uses of Ascorbic acid in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
sponsored

ascorbic acid is used to prevent or treat low levels of Ascorbic acid in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra ascorbic acid. Low levels of Ascorbic acid can result in a condition called scurvy. Scurvy may cause symptoms such as rash, muscle weakness, joint pain, tiredness, or tooth loss.

Ascorbic acid plays an important role in the body. It is needed to maintain the health of skin, cartilage, teeth, bone, and blood vessels. It is also used to protect your body's cells from damage. It is known as an antioxidant.

OTHER USES: This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.

This vitamin may also be used with other vitamins for a certain eye condition (macular degeneration).

How to use Ascorbic acid

Take this vitamin by mouth with or without food, usually 1 to 2 times daily. Follow all directions on the product package, or take as directed by your doctor.

If you are taking the extended-release capsules, swallow them whole. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing. Take this product with a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) unless your doctor directs you otherwise.

If you are taking the wafers or chewable tablets, chew them thoroughly and then swallow. If you are taking the lozenges, place the lozenge in your mouth and allow it to slowly dissolve.

If you are taking the powder, mix it thoroughly in the proper amount of liquid and stir well. Drink all of the liquid right away. Do not prepare a supply for future use. If you are using the liquid form of this vitamin, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Use this vitamin regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

If you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.

Ascorbic acid description

sponsored

Each tablet contains ascorbic acid 500 mg.

ascorbic acid is a vitamin that is freely soluble in water. The superior formulation of ascorbic acid assures substantial amounts per dose for prophylaxis and treatment of Ascorbic acid deficiencies. This preparation has a very delectable grape (Ascorbic acid Tablet) flavors.

Ascorbic acid dosage

Important Preparation and Administration Instructions

a. Use only in a suitable ISO Class 5 work area such as a laminar flow hood (or an equivalent clean air compounding area)

b. Penetrate each PBP vial closure only one time with a suitable sterile transfer device or dispensing set that allows measured dispensing of the contents. Given that pressure may develop within the vial during storage, excercise caution when withdrawing contents from the vial.

c. Once the closure system has been penetrated, complete all dispensing from the PBP vial within 4 hours. Each dose must be used immediately. Discard unused portion.

d. Prior to administration, Ascorbic acid must be diluted in a suitable infusion solution and the final solution for infusion must be isotonic (undiluted the osmolarity of Ascorbic acid is approximately 5,900 mOsmol/L). Prior to preparing the admixture for infusion, calculate the osmolarity of the intended admixture for infusion. Add one daily dose of Ascorbic acid directly to an appropriate volume of a suitable infusion solution (e.g., 5% Dextrose Injection, Sterile Water for Injection) and add appropriate solutes, as necessary, to make final solution isotonic. Sterile Water for Injection is highly hypotonic; adjust solute content, as necessary, to make thet final infusion solution isotonic prior to injection. Do not mix Ascorbic acid with solutions containing elemental compounds that can be reduced (e.g., copper). The concentration of ascorbic acid in the final, admixture solution for infusion is to be the range of 1 to 25 mg of ascorbic acid per mL. For example, for the largest recommended dose:

Add 200 mg of ascorbic acid (equivalent to 0.4 mL of Ascorbic acid) to 7.5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection to produce an infusion solution having an approximate osmolarity of 290 mOsmol/L. In this specific example, addition of solute is NOT necessary because the solution is isotonic.

e. Prepare the recommended dose based on the patient population [ see Dosage and Administration (2.2), (2.3)].

f. Visually inspect for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration (the diluted Ascorbic acid solution should appear colorless to pale yellow).

g. Immediately administer the admixture for infusion as a slow intravenous infusion [ see Recommended Dosage, (2.2)]

Recommended Dosage

Table 1 provides recommended doses of Ascorbic acid based on patient population and infusion rates of diluted Ascorbic acid solution.

Table 1: Recommended Dose of Ascorbic acid and Infusion Rate of Diluted Ascorbic acid Solution
Patient Population Ascorbic acid

Once Daily Dose

(mg)

Infusion Rate of

Diluted Ascorbic acid

Solution (mg/minute)

Pediatric Patients age 5 months to less than 12 months 50 1.3
Pediatric Patients age 1 year to less than 11 years 100 3.3
Adults and Pediatric Patients 11 years and older 200 33

The recommended maximum duration of daily treatment with Ascorbic acid is seven days. If no improvement in scorbutic symptoms is observed after one week of treatment, retreat until resolution of scorbutic symptoms is observed.

Repeat dosing is not recommended in pediatric patients less than 11 years of age.

Dosage Reductions in Specific Populations

Women who are pregnant or lactating and patients with glucose-6-dehydrogenase deficiency should not exceed the U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or daily Adequate Intake (AI) level for ascorbic acid for their age group and condition [ ​ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.2)].

Ascorbic acid interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Ascorbic acid?

sponsored

In an application with barbiturates, primidone increases the excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.

With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives reduces the concentration of ascorbic acid in blood plasma.

In an application of Ascorbic acid with iron preparations ascorbic acid, due to its regenerative properties, transforms ferric iron in the bivalent, which improves its absorption.

Ascorbic acid in high doses can decrease urine pH that while the application reduces the tubular reabsorption of amphetamine and tricyclic antidepressants.

With the simultaneous use of aspirin reduces the absorption of ascorbic acid by about a third.

Ascorbic acid in an application with warfarin may decrease effects of warfarin.

With the simultaneous application of ascorbic acid increases the excretion of iron in patients receiving deferoxamine. In the application of ascorbic acid at a dose of 500 mg / day possibly left ventricular dysfunction.

In an application with tetracycline is increased excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.

There is a described case of reducing the concentration of fluphenazine in plasma in patients treated with ascorbic acid 500 mg 2 times / day.

May increase the concentration of ethinyl estradiol in the blood plasma in its simultaneous application in the oral contraceptives.

Ascorbic acid side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Ascorbic acid?

Applies to ascorbic acid: oral capsule, oral capsule extended release, oral capsule liquid filled, oral granule, oral liquid, oral lozenge/troche, oral powder, oral powder for solution, oral powder for suspension, oral solution, oral syrup, oral tablet, oral tablet chewable, oral tablet extended release, oral wafer

In addition to its needed effects, some unwanted effects may be caused by ascorbic acid (the active ingredient contained in Ascorbic acid). In the event that any of these side effects do occur, they may require medical attention.

Severity: Moderate

If any of the following side effects occur while taking ascorbic acid, check with your doctor or nurse as soon as possible:

Less common or rare: - with high doses

Minor Side Effects

Some of the side effects that can occur with ascorbic acid may not need medical attention. As your body adjusts to the medicine during treatment these side effects may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects. If any of the following side effects continue, are bothersome or if you have any questions about them, check with your health care professional:

Less common or rare: - with high doses

Ascorbic acid contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Ascorbic acid?

There are no contraindications to the administration of ascorbic acid.

What is Cholecalciferol?

Cholecalciferol is a Cholecalciferol. Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the stomach and for the functioning of calcium in the body.

Cholecalciferol is used to treat or prevent many conditions caused by a lack of vitamin D, especially conditions of the skin or bones.

Cholecalciferol may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Cholecalciferol indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

For the treatment of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, refractory rickets (vitamin D resistant rickets), familial hypophosphatemia and hypoparathyroidism, and in the management of hypocalcemia and renal osteodystrophy in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis. Also used in conjunction with calcium in the management and prevention of primary or corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. (Vitamin D deficiency; osteoporosis;)

Uses of Cholecalciferol in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.

Vitamin D (ergocalciferol-D2, cholecalciferol-D3, alfacalcidol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and phosphorus. Having the right amount of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus is important for building and keeping strong bones. Vitamin D is used to treat and prevent bone disorders (such as rickets, osteomalacia). Vitamin D is made by the body when skin is exposed to sunlight. Sunscreen, protective clothing, limited exposure to sunlight, dark skin, and age may prevent getting enough vitamin D from the sun.

Vitamin D with calcium is used to treat or prevent bone loss (osteoporosis). Vitamin D is also used with other medications to treat low levels of calcium or phosphate caused by certain disorders (such as hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, familial hypophosphatemia). It may be used in kidney disease to keep calcium levels normal and allow normal bone growth. Vitamin D drops (or other supplements) are given to breast-fed infants because breast milk usually has low levels of vitamin D.

How to use Cholecalciferol

Take vitamin D by mouth as directed. Vitamin D is best absorbed when taken after a meal but may be taken with or without food. Alfacalcidol is usually taken with food. Follow all directions on the product package. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

If your doctor has prescribed this medication, take as directed by your doctor. Your dosage is based on your medical condition, amount of sun exposure, diet, age, and response to treatment.

Measure the liquid medication with the dropper provided, or use a medication-measuring spoon/device to make sure you have the correct dose. If you are taking the chewable tablet or wafers, chew the medication thoroughly before swallowing. Do not swallow whole wafers.

Certain medications (bile acid sequestrants such as cholestyramine/colestipol, mineral oil, orlistat) can decrease the absorption of vitamin D. Take your doses of these medications as far as possible from your doses of vitamin D (at least 2 hours apart, longer if possible). It may be easiest to take vitamin D at bedtime if you are also taking these other medications. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how long you should wait between doses and for help finding a dosing schedule that will work with all your medications.

Take this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day if you are taking it once a day. If you are taking this medication only once a week, remember to take it on the same day each week. It may help to mark your calendar with a reminder.

If your doctor has recommended that you follow a special diet (such as a diet high in calcium), it is very important to follow the diet to get the most benefit from this medication and to prevent serious side effects. Do not take other supplements/vitamins unless ordered by your doctor.

If you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Cholecalciferol description

Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ergocalciferol in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24. [PubChem]

Cholecalciferol dosage

Cholecalciferol Dosage

Applies to the following strength(s): 400 intl units/mL; 1000 intl units; 2000 intl units; 400 intl units; 5000 intl units; 50,000 intl units; 14,000 intl units; 10,000 intl units/mL; 4000 intl units; 5000 intl units/mL; 400 intl units/0.028 mL; 1000 intl units/drop; 10000 intl units; 25,000 intl units; 1000 intl units/10 mL

The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Usual Adult Dose for:

Usual Geriatric Dose for:

Usual Pediatric Dose for:

Additional dosage information:

Usual Adult Dose for Vitamin D Insufficiency

600 to 2,000 international units, orally, once a day

Maximum dose: 4,000 international units per day

Usual Adult Dose for Vitamin D Deficiency

Initial dose:

50,000 international units, once a week, for 8 weeks

or

6,000 international units, once a day, for 8 weeks

Maintenance dose: 1,500 to 2,000 international units, once a day

Maximum dose: 10,000 international units per day

Comments:

-Target blood levels above 30 ng/mL of 25(OH)D.

Usual Adult Dose for Prevention of Falls

800 international units, orally, once a day

-1,500 to 2,000 international units, once a day, may be needed to achieve blood levels of 25(OH)D above 30 ng/mL.

Usual Geriatric Dose for Prevention of Fractures

Over 70 years: 800 to 2,000 international units, orally, once a day

Usual Pediatric Dose for Vitamin D Insufficiency

0 to 12 months: 400 international units once a day

1 to 18 years: 600 international units once a day

Maximum dose:

-Up to 6 months: 1,000 international units per day

-7 months to 1 year: 1,500 international units per day

-1 to 3 years: 2,500 international units per day

-4 to 8 years: 3,000 international units per day

-9 years and older: 4,000 international units per day

Usual Pediatric Dose for Vitamin D Deficiency

-Up to 1 year old: 2,000 international units, orally, once a day, for 6 weeks

or

50,000 international units, once a week, for 6 weeks

Maintenance dose: 400 to 1,000 international units per day

-1 to 18 years: 2,000 international units, orally, once a day for at least 6 weeks

or

50,000 international units, once a week, for at least 6 weeks

Maintenance dose: 600 to 1,000 international units per day

Maximum dose:

-Up to 1 year: 2,000 international units per day

-1 to 18 years: 4,000 international units per day

Comments:

-Target blood levels above 30 ng/mL of 25(OH)D.

Renal Dose Adjustments

Do not use in severe renal impairment

Liver Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Dose Adjustments

Pregnancy or Lactation: 600 to 2,000 international units once a day; maximum 4,000 international units per day

-1,500 to 2,000 international units, once a day, may be needed to achieve blood levels of 25(OH)D above 30 ng/mL.

Obesity, Malabsorption Syndromes, or Medications Affecting Vitamin D Absorption:

-Treatment of Deficiency: 6,000 to 10,000 international units, once a day, until blood levels of 25(OH)D are above 30 ng/mL.

-Maintenance dose: 1,500 to 2,000 international units, once a day

Patients on anticonvulsants, glucocorticoids, antifungals such as ketoconazole, or medications for acquired immune deficiency syndrome may require 2 to 3 times more vitamin D.

Provide medical supervision if upper limits are exceeded.

Dialysis

Vitamin D and its metabolites are not dialyzable.

More about cholecalciferol

Consumer resources

Professional resources

Related treatment guides

Cholecalciferol interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Cholecalciferol?

Interactions for vitamin D analogues (Vitamin D2, Cholecalciferol, Calcitriol, and Calcidiol)

Cholestyramine

Cholestyramine has been reported to reduce intestinal absorption of fat soluble vitamins; as such it may impair intestinal absorption of any of vitamin D

Phenytoin/Phenobarbital

The coadministration of phenytoin or phenobarbital will not affect plasma concentrations of vitamin D, but may reduce endogenous plasma levels of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol by accelerating metabolism. Since blood level of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol will be reduced, higher doses of Rocaltrol may be necessary if these drugs are administered simultaneously

Thiazides

Thiazides are known to induce hypercalcemia by the reduction of calcium excretion in urine. Some reports have shown that the concomitant administration of thiazides with vitamin D causes hypercalcemia. Therefore, precaution should be taken when coadministration is necessary

Digitalis

Vitamin D dosage must be determined with care in patients undergoing treatment with digitalis, as hypercalcemia in such patients may precipitate cardiac arrhythmias

Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole may inhibit both synthetic and catabolic enzymes of vitamin D. Reductions in serum endogenous vitamin D concentrations have been observed following the administration of 300 mg/day to 1200 mg/day ketoconazole for a week to healthy men. However, in vivo drug interaction studies of ketoconazole with vitamin D have not been investigated

Corticosteroids

A relationship of functional antagonism exists between vitamin D analogues, which promote calcium absorption, and corticosteroids, which inhibit calcium absorption

Phosphate-Binding Agents

Since vitamin D also has an effect on phosphate transport in the intestine, kidneys and bones, the dosage of phosphate-binding agents must be adjusted in accordance with the serum phosphate concentration

Vitamin D

The coadministration of any of the vitamin D analogues should be avoided as this could create possible additive effects and hypercalcemia

Calcium Supplements

Uncontrolled intake of additional calcium-containing preparations should be avoided

Magnesium

Magnesium-containing preparations (eg, antacids) may cause hypermagnesemia and should therefore not be taken during therapy with vitamin D by patients on chronic renal dialysis.

Cholecalciferol side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Cholecalciferol?

Applies to cholecalciferol: oral capsule, oral capsule liquid filled, oral solution, oral tablet, oral tablet chewable, oral wafer

In addition to its needed effects, some unwanted effects may be caused by cholecalciferol (the active ingredient contained in Celebrate Cholecalciferol Quick-Melt). In the event that any of these side effects do occur, they may require medical attention.

Major Side Effects

You should check with your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur when taking cholecalciferol:

Incidence not known:

Cholecalciferol contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Cholecalciferol?

Contraindications for vitamin D analogues (Vitamin D2, Cholecalciferol, Calcitriol, and Calcidiol)

Vitamin D should not be given to patients with hypercalcemia or evidence of vitamin D toxicity. Use of vitamin D in patients with known hypersensitivity to vitamin D (or drugs of the same class) or any of the inactive ingredients is contraindicated.

What is Cyanocobalamin?

Cyanocobalamin nasal spray contains cyanocobalamin, a man-made form of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is important for growth, cell reproduction, blood formation, and protein and tissue synthesis.

Cyanocobalamin nasal spray is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency in people with pernicious anemia and other conditions.

Cyanocobalamin nasal spray is usually given after treatment with an injection form of this medicine.

Cyanocobalamin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Cyanocobalamin indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

Vitamin B12 Maintenance Therapy

Cyanocobalamin is indicated for maintenance of vitamin B12 concentrations after normalization with intramuscular vitamin B12 therapy in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who have no nervous system involvement.

Important Limitations of Use

Cyanocobalamin has not been evaluated for the treatment of newly diagnosed vitamin B12 deficiency.

Cyanocobalamin is not suitable for use in the vitamin B12 absorption test (Schilling Test).

The effectiveness of Cyanocobalamin in patients with nasal pathology (e.g., nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory infections) has not been determined. Treatment with Cyanocobalamin should be deferred until nasal symptoms have subsided.

How should I use Cyanocobalamin?

Use cyanocobalamin (b12) spray as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use cyanocobalamin (b12) spray.

Uses of Cyanocobalamin in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.

How to use Cyanocobalamin nasal

Cyanocobalamin description

Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products. [HMDB]

Cyanocobalamin dosage

Cyanocobalamin Dosage

Generic name: CYANOCOBALAMIN 25ug in 0.1mL

Dosage form: nasal spray, metered

The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Recommended Dose

The recommended initial dose of Cyanocobalamin is one spray in each nostril once daily (25 mcg per nostril, total daily dose 50 mcg). The dose should be increased to one spray in each nostril twice daily (total daily dose 100 mcg) for patients with an inadequate response to once daily dosing.

The dosing of Cyanocobalamin and other intranasal medications should be separated by several hours, and these patients should have more frequent monitoring of vitamin B12 concentrations because of the potential for erratic absorption.

Priming (Activation) of Pump

The pump must be primed before the bottle is used for the first time. To prime the pump, place the nozzle between the first and second finger with the thumb on the bottom of the bottle. Pump the unit firmly and quickly then repeat this priming an additional 6 times for a total of 7 priming sprays. Now the nasal spray is ready for first-time use. If 5 or more days elapse since last use, the pump must be re-primed with two re-priming sprays.

Additional instructions are provided in the patient instruction sheet.

More about Cyanocobalamin (cyanocobalamin)

Consumer resources

Professional resources

Related treatment guides

Cyanocobalamin interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Cyanocobalamin?

The effects of some drugs can change if you take other drugs or herbal products at the same time. This can increase your risk for serious side effects or may cause your medications not to work correctly. These drug interactions are possible, but do not always occur. Your doctor or pharmacist can often prevent or manage interactions by changing how you use your medications or by close monitoring.

To help your doctor and pharmacist give you the best care, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products) before starting treatment with this product. While using this product, do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any other medicines you are using without your doctor's approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: drugs that affect the bone marrow (such as chloramphenicol), vitamins/supplements that contain intrinsic factor.

Certain medications can decrease the absorption of vitamin B12, including: colchicine, metformin, extended-release potassium products, antibiotics (such as gentamicin, neomycin, tobramycin), anti-seizure medications (such as phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone), medications to treat heartburn (such as H2 blockers including cimetidine/famotidine, proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole/lansoprazole).

Vitamin B12 is an ingredient found in many combination vitamin and nutritional products. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products that contain cyanocobalamin, vitamin B12, or hydroxocobalamin.

Cyanocobalamin may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including intrinsic factor, blood tests for other types of anemia), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Certain drugs may interfere with laboratory tests for vitamin B12 levels, possibly causing false results. Tell laboratory personnel and all your doctors if you take any of the following: antibiotics (such as amoxicillin, erythromycin), methotrexate, pyrimethamine.

This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use. Share this list with your doctor and pharmacist to lessen your risk for serious medication problems.

Cyanocobalamin side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Cyanocobalamin?

Applies to cyanocobalamin: intramuscular solution

Other dosage forms:

In addition to its needed effects, some unwanted effects may be caused by cyanocobalamin (the active ingredient contained in Cyanocobalamin). In the event that any of these side effects do occur, they may require medical attention.

If any of the following side effects occur while taking cyanocobalamin, check with your doctor or nurse immediately:

Incidence not known:

Minor Side Effects

Some of the side effects that can occur with cyanocobalamin may not need medical attention. As your body adjusts to the medicine during treatment these side effects may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects. If any of the following side effects continue, are bothersome or if you have any questions about them, check with your health care professional:

Incidence not known:

Cyanocobalamin contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Cyanocobalamin?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to cobalt, or if you have Leber's disease. Cyanocobalamin can lead to optic nerve damage (and possibly blindness) in people with Leber's disease.

To treat pernicious anemia, you will have to use this medication on a regular basis for the rest of your life. Not using the medication can lead to irreversible nerve damage in your spinal cord.

Pernicious anemia is also treated with folic acid to help maintain red blood cells. However, folic acid will not treat Vitamin B12 deficiency and will not prevent possible damage to the spinal cord. Take all of your medications as directed.

Your dose needs may change if you become pregnant, if you breast-feed, or if you eat a vegetarian diet. Tell your doctor about any changes in your diet or medical condition.

Dl-α tocopheryl acetate indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

Help remove free radicals & promote cell & tissue renewal of the skin, heart, lungs, muscles & liver. Protect & revitalize body cells, improving body's immune response & energy production.

Dl-α tocopheryl acetate dosage

1 cap once or bid.

What is Folic acid?

Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Folic acid (vitamin B 9) is necessary for strong blood.

Lack of folic acid may lead to anemia (weak blood). Your health care professional may treat this by prescribing folic acid for you.

Some conditions may increase your need for folic acid. These include:

In addition, infants smaller than normal, breast-fed infants, or those receiving unfortified formulas (such as evaporated milk or goat's milk) may need additional folic acid.

Increased need for folic acid should be determined by your health care professional.

Some studies have found that folic acid taken by women before they become pregnant and during early pregnancy may reduce the chances of certain birth defects (neural tube defects).

Claims that folic acid and other B vitamins are effective for preventing mental problems have not been proven. Many of these treatments involve large and expensive amounts of vitamins.

Injectable folic acid is given by or under the direction of your health care professional. Another form of folic acid is available without a prescription.

Folic acid indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of the folate deficiency state. It does not correct folate deficiency due to dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Folic acid is also used in women of child-bearing potential and pregnant women to protect against neural tube defects in their offspring. It is also used for the treatment of folate-deficient megaloblastic anaemia, chronic haemolytic states such as thalassaemia major or sickle-cell anaemia.

How should I use Folic acid?

Use folic acid as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use folic acid.

Uses of Folic acid in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.

Folic acid is the man-made form of folate. Folate is a B-vitamin naturally found in some foods. It is needed to form healthy cells, especially red blood cells.

Folic acid supplements may come in different forms (such as L-methylfolate, levomefolate, methyltetrahydrofolate). They are used to treat or prevent low folate levels. Low folate levels can lead to certain types of anemia. Conditions that can cause low folate levels include poor diet, pregnancy, alcoholism, liver disease, certain stomach/intestinal problems, kidney dialysis, among others. Women of childbearing age should receive adequate amounts of folic acid either through their diet or supplements to prevent infant spinal cord birth defects.

How to use Folic acid

Take this product by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. If you are taking the over-the-counter product, follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take this product more often than directed.

Take this product regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. Follow the diet plan recommended by your doctor or dietician. See also Notes section.

If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Folic acid description

A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. [PubChem]

Folic acid dosage

Folic Acid Dosage

Applies to the following strength(s): 1 mg; 0.4 mg; 5 mg/mL; 0.8 mg

The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Usual Adult Dose for:

Usual Pediatric Dose for:

Additional dosage information:

Usual Adult Dose for Megaloblastic Anemia

1 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day. May continue until clinical symptoms of folate deficiency and the hematological profile have normalized.

Usual Adult Dose for Folic Acid Deficiency

400 to 800 mcg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women: 800 mcg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Folic Acid Deficiency

Infant:

0.1 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Child:

Less than 4 years: up to 0.3 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

4 years or older: 0.4 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation

Recommended daily allowance (RDA):

Premature neonates: 50 mcg/day (15 mcg/kg/day).

Full-term neonates and infants 1 to 6 months: 25 to 35 mcg/day.

Children:

1 to 3 years: 150 mcg/day.

4 to 8 years: 200 mcg/day.

9 to 13 years: 300 mcg/day.

14 years and older: 400 mcg/day.

Renal Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Liver Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Dose Adjustments

Rarely, a dosage of 2 mg/day may be required, particularly in patients with malabsorption, alcoholism, chronic hemolysis, chronic exfoliative skin disease or who are on concomitant anticonvulsant therapy.

Dialysis

Folic acid is removed by both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The amount removed varies with type equipment used.

Because folate may accumulate in patients with end-stage renal disease, side effects may be more likely in this patient who is undergoing dialysis. Once this patient's body stores of folate are replete, three times a week dosing may be just as beneficial as once daily dosing but should portend a lower risk of side effects.

Other Comments

The recommended daily allowance of folic acid for adult males and females ranges from 150 to 200 and 150 to 180 mcg/day, respectively.

There is a potential danger in administering folic acid to patients with undiagnosed anemia, since folic acid may obscure the diagnosis of pernicious anemia by alleviating the hematologic manifestations of the disease while allowing the neurologic complications to progress.

Severe megaloblastic anemia may require therapy for 4 to 5 weeks. Once stabilized, if dietary intake is inadequate, maintenance therapy can be started.

More about folic acid

Consumer resources

Professional resources

Related treatment guides

Folic acid interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Folic acid?

Medications that interfere with your bodys ability to use folate may also increase the need for this vitamin. Medications can interfere with folate utilization, including: anticonvulsant medications (such as phenytoin, and primidone) metformin (sometimes prescribed to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes) sulfasalazine (used to control inflammation associated with Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis) triamterene (a diuretic) Methotrexate There has been concern about the interaction between vitamin B12 and folic acid. Folic acid supplements can correct the anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Unfortunately, folic acid will not correct changes in the nervous system that result from vitamin B12 deficiency. Permanent nerve damage could theoretically occur if vitamin B12 deficiency is not treated. Therefore, intake of supplemental folic acid should not exceed 1000 micrograms (g, sometimes mcg) per day to prevent folic acid from masking symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is important for older adults to be aware of the relationship between folic acid and vitamin B12 because they are at greater risk of having a vitamin B12 deficiency. If you are 50 years of age or older, ask your physician to check your B12 status before you take a supplement that contains folic acid.

Folic acid side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Folic acid?

Allergic sensitization has been reported following both oral and parenteral administration of Folic Acid.

Folic Acid is relatively nontoxic in man. Rare instances of allergic responses to Folic Acid preparations have been reported and have included erythema, skin rash, itching, general malaise, and respiratory difficulty due to bronchospasm. One patient experienced symptoms suggesting anaphylaxis following injection of the drug. Gastrointestinal side effects, including anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, flatulence, and a bitter or bad taste, have been reported in patients receiving 15 mg Folic Acid daily for 1 month. Other side effects reported in patients receiving 15 mg daily include altered sleep patterns, difficulty in concentrating, irritability, overactivity, excitement, mental depression, confusion, and impaired judgment. Decreased vitamin B12 serum levels may occur in patients receiving prolonged Folic Acid therapy.

In an uncontrolled study, orally administered Folic Acid was reported to increase the incidence of seizures in some epileptic patients receiving phenobarbital, primidone, or diphenylhydantoin. Another investigator reported decreased diphenylhydantoin serum levels in folate-deficient patients receiving diphenylhydantoin who were treated with 5 mg or 15 mg of Folic Acid daily.

CALL YOUR DOCTOR FOR MEDICAL ADVICE ABOUT SIDE EFFECTS. YOU MAY REPORT SIDE EFFECTS TO THE FDA AT 1-800-FDA-1088 OR LEADING PHARMA, LLC AT 844-740-7500.

Folic acid contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Folic acid?

Because it may mask the hematologic abnormalities while neurological damage progresses, folic acid should not be used in the therapy of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency of any cause, unless there is associated folate deficiency. The folic acid content of one tablet a day however, is unlikely to mask pernicious anemia should this condition be present. Also, pregnancy during pernicious anemia is very rare.

What is Niacin?

Niacin, also called nicotinic acid, is a B vitamin (vitamin B3). It occurs naturally in plants and animals, and is also added to many foods as a vitamin supplement. Niacin is also present in many multiple vitamins and nutritional supplements.

Niacin is used to treat and prevent a lack of natural niacin in the body, and to lower cholesterol and triglycerides (types of fat) in the blood. It is also used to lower the risk of heart attack in people with high cholesterol who have already had a heart attack. Niacin is sometimes used to treat coronary artery disease (also called atherosclerosis).

Niacin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Niacin indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

Therapy with lipid-altering agents should be only one component of multiple risk factor intervention in individuals at significantly increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hyperlipidemia. Niacin, USP therapy is indicated as an adjunct to diet when the response to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol and other nonpharmacologic measures alone has been inadequate.

1.
Niacin Extended-Release Tablets USP are indicated to reduce elevated TC, LDL-C, Apo B and TG levels, and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia.
2.
In patients with a history of myocardial infarction and hyperlipidemia, Niacin, USP is indicated to reduce the risk of recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction.
3.
In patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hyperlipidemia, Niacin, USP, in combination with a bile acid binding resin, is indicated to slow progression or promote regression of atherosclerotic disease.
4.
Niacin Extended-Release Tablets USP in combination with a bile acid binding resin are indicated to reduce elevated TC and LDL-C levels in adult patients with primary hyperlipidemia.
5.
Niacin, USP is also indicated as adjunctive therapy for treatment of adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia who present a risk of pancreatitis and who do not respond adequately to a determined dietary effort to control them.

Limitations of Use

Addition of Niacin Extended-Release Tablets USP did not reduce cardiovascular morbidity or mortality among patients treated with simvastatin in a large, randomized controlled trial (AIM-HIGH).

How should I use Niacin?

Use Niacin as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Niacin.

Uses of Niacin in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.

Niacin (nicotinic acid) is used to prevent and treat niacin deficiency (pellagra). Niacin deficiency may result from certain medical conditions (such as alcohol abuse, malabsorption syndrome, Hartnup disease), poor diet, or long-term use of certain medications (such as isoniazid).

Niacin deficiency can cause diarrhea, confusion (dementia), tongue redness/swelling, and peeling red skin. Niacin is also known as vitamin B3, one of the B-complex vitamins. Vitamins help to support the body's ability to make and break down natural compounds (metabolism) needed for good health. Niacinamide (nicotinamide) is a different form of vitamin B3 and does not work the same as niacin. Do not substitute unless directed by your doctor.

Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.

OTHER USES: This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug, but may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.

Niacin may also be used to improve cholesterol and lower fat levels (triglycerides) in the blood under the care of your doctor. It is generally used after non-drug treatments have not been fully successful at lowering cholesterol. Doses for treating these blood fat problems are usually much higher than for dietary problems.

How to use Niacin

Take this medication by mouth with a low-fat meal or snack as directed by your doctor, usually 1-3 times daily. Taking niacin on an empty stomach increases side effects (such as flushing, upset stomach). Follow all directions on the product package. If your doctor has prescribed this medication, take it as directed. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Niacin is available in different formulations (such as immediate and sustained release). Do not switch between strengths, brands, or forms of niacin. Severe liver problems may occur.

Swallow extended-release capsules whole. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.

To lessen the chance of side effects such as flushing, avoid alcohol, hot beverages, and eating spicy foods near the time you take niacin. Taking a plain (non-enteric coated, 325 milligram) aspirin or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (such as ibuprofen, 200 milligrams) 30 minutes before taking niacin may help prevent flushing. Ask your doctor if this treatment is right for you.

If you also take certain other drugs to lower cholesterol (bile acid-binding resins such as cholestyramine or colestipol), take niacin at least 4 to 6 hours before or after taking these medications. These products interact with niacin, preventing its full absorption. Continue to take other medications to lower your cholesterol as directed by your doctor.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. If you are taking this for lipid problems, your doctor may direct you to start this medication at a low dose and gradually increase your dose to reduce your risk of side effects. Your dose will need to be increased slowly even if you are already taking niacin and are being switched from another niacin product to this product. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully.

Do not stop taking this medicine unless instructed by your doctor. If you stop taking niacin, you may need to return to your original dose and gradually increase it again. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for instructions on restarting your dose if you have not taken your medication for several days.

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

It is very important to continue to follow your doctor's advice about diet and exercise.

If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Niacin description

A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. [PubChem]

Niacin dosage

Niacin Extended-Release Tablets should be taken at bedtime, after a low-fat snack, and doses should be individualized according to patient response. Therapy with Niacin Extended-Release Tablets must be initiated at 500 mg at bedtime in order to reduce the incidence and severity of side effects which may occur during early therapy. The recommended dose escalation is shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Recommended Dosing

Week(s)

Daily Dose

Niacin Extended-Release Tablets Dosage

INITIAL

TITRATION

1 to 4

500 mg

1 Niacin Extended-Release 500 mg Tablet at bedtime

SCHEDULE

5 to 8

1000 mg

1 Niacin Extended-Release 1000 mg Tablet or

2 Niacin Extended-Release 500 mg Tablets at bedtime

*

1500 mg

2 Niacin Extended-Release 750 mg Tablets or

3 Niacin Extended-Release 500 mg Tablets at bedtime

*

2000 mg

2 Niacin Extended-Release 1000 mg Tablets or

4 Niacin Extended-Release 500 mg Tablets at bedtime

* After Week 8, titrate to patient response and tolerance. If response to 1000 mg daily is inadequate, increase dose to 1500 mg daily; may subsequently increase dose to 2000 mg daily. Daily dose should not be increased more than 500 mg in a 4-week period, and doses above 2000 mg daily are not recommended. Women may respond at lower doses than men.

Maintenance Dose

The daily dosage of Niacin Extended-Release Tablets should not be increased by more than 500 mg in any 4-week period. The recommended maintenance dose is 1000 mg (two 500 mg tablets or one 1000 mg tablet) to 2000 mg (two 1000 mg tablets or four 500 mg tablets) once daily at bedtime. Doses greater than 2000 mg daily are not recommended. Women may respond at lower Niacin Extended-Release Tablet doses than men.

Single-dose bioavailability studies have demonstrated that two of the 500 mg and one of the 1000 mg tablet strengths are interchangeable but three of the 500 mg and two of the 750 mg tablet strengths are not interchangeable.

Flushing of the skin may be reduced in frequency or severity by pretreatment with aspirin (up to the recommended dose of 325 mg taken 30 minutes prior to Niacin Extended-Release Tablet dose). Tolerance to this flushing develops rapidly over the course of several weeks. Flushing, pruritus, and gastrointestinal distress are also greatly reduced by slowly increasing the dose of Niacin and avoiding administration on an empty stomach. Concomitant alcoholic, hot drinks or spicy foods may increase the side effects of flushing and pruritus and should be avoided around the time of Niacin Extended-Release Tablet ingestion.

Equivalent doses of Niacin Extended-Release Tablets should not be substituted for sustained-release (modified-release, timed-release) Niacin preparations or immediate-release (crystalline) Niacin. Patients previously receiving other Niacin products should be started with the recommended Niacin Extended-Release Tablet titration schedule, and the dose should subsequently be individualized based on patient response.

If Niacin Extended-Release Tablet therapy is discontinued for an extended period, reinstitution of therapy should include a titration phase.

Niacin Extended-Release Tablets should be taken whole and should not be broken, crushed or chewed before swallowing.

Dosage in Patients with Renal or Hepatic Impairment

Use of Niacin Extended-Release Tablets in patients with renal or hepatic impairment has not been studied. Niacin Extended-Release Tablets are contraindicated in patients with significant or unexplained hepatic dysfunction. Niacin Extended-Release Tablets should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment.

Niacin interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Niacin?

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: "blood thinners" (such as warfarin, heparins).

Check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since vitamins/dietary supplements may also contain niacin or niacinamide (nicotinamide). These may increase your risk of side effects if taken together. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details.

This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including urine or blood catecholamines, copper-based urine glucose tests), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Niacin side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Niacin?

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Clinical Studies Experience

In the placebo-controlled clinical trials database of 402 patients (age range 21 to 75 years, 33% women, 89% Caucasians, 7% Blacks, 3% Hispanics, 1% Asians) with a median treatment duration of 16 weeks, 16% of patients on Niacin extended-release tablets and 4% of patients on placebo discontinued due to adverse reactions. The most common adverse reactions in the group of patients treated with Niacin extended-release tablets that led to treatment discontinuation and occurred at a rate greater than placebo were flushing (6% vs. 0%), rash (2% vs. 0%), diarrhea (2% vs. 0%), nausea (1% vs. 0%), and vomiting (1% vs. 0%). The most commonly reported adverse reactions (incidence > 5% and greater than placebo) in the Niacin extended-release tablets controlled clinical trial database of 402 patients were flushing, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased cough and pruritus.

In the placebo-controlled clinical trials, flushing episodes (i.e., warmth, redness, itching and/or tingling) were the most common treatment-emergent adverse reactions (reported by as many as 88% of patients) for Niacin extended-release tablets. Spontaneous reports suggest that flushing may also be accompanied by symptoms of dizziness, tachycardia, palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating, burning sensation/skin burning sensation, chills, and/or edema, which in rare cases may lead to syncope. In pivotal studies, 6% (14/245) of Niacin extended-release tablet patients discontinued due to flushing. In comparisons of immediate-release (IR) Niacin and Niacin extended-release tablets, although the proportion of patients who flushed was similar, fewer flushing episodes were reported by patients who received Niacin extended-release tablets. Following 4 weeks of maintenance therapy at daily doses of 1500 mg, the incidence of flushing over the 4 week period averaged 8.6 events per patient for IR Niacin versus 1.9 following Niacin extended-release tablets.

Other adverse reactions occurring in ≥ 5% of patients treated with Niacin extended-release tablets and at an incidence greater than placebo are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2. Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactions by Dose Level in ≥ 5% of Patients and at an Incidence Greater Than Placebo; Regardless of Causality Assessment in Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials
*
Pooled results from placebo-controlled studies; for Niacin extended-release tablets, n = 245 and median treatment duration = 16 weeks. Number of Niacin extended-release tablet patients (n) are not additive across doses.
Adverse reactions are reported at the initial dose where they occur.
The 500 mg/day dose is outside the recommended daily maintenance dosing range.
§
10 patients discontinued before receiving 500 mg, therefore they were not included.

Placebo-Controlled Studies

Niacin Extended-Release Tablets Treatment*

Recommended Daily

Maintenance Doses†

Placebo

(n = 157)

%

500 mg‡

(n = 87)

%

1000 mg

(n = 110)

%

1500 mg

(n = 136)

%

2000 mg

(n = 95)

%

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Diarrhea

13

7

10

10

14

Nausea

7

5

6

4

11

Vomiting

4

0

2

4

9

Respiratory

Cough, Increased

6

3

2

< 2

8

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders

Pruritus

2

8

0

3

0

Rash

0

5

5

5

0

Vascular Disorders

Flushing§

19

68

69

63

55

Note: Percentages are calculated from the total number of patients in each column.

In general, the incidence of adverse events was higher in women compared to men.

Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes (AIM-HIGH)

In AIM-HIGH involving 3414 patients (mean age of 64 years, 15% women, 92% Caucasians, 34% with diabetes mellitus) with stable, previously diagnosed cardiovascular disease, all patients received simvastatin, 40 to 80 mg per day, plus ezetimibe 10 mg per day if needed, to maintain an LDL-C level of 40 to 80 mg/dL, and were randomized to receive Niacin extended-release tablets 1500 to 2000 mg/day (n = 1718) or matching placebo (IR Niacin, 100 to 150 mg, n = 1696). The incidence of the adverse reactions of “blood glucose increased” (6.4% vs. 4.5%) and “diabetes mellitus” (3.6% vs. 2.2%) was significantly higher in the simvastatin plus Niacin extended-release tablets group as compared to the simvastatin plus placebo group. There were 5 cases of rhabdomyolysis reported, 4 (0.2%) in the simvastatin plus Niacin extended-release tablets group and one (< 0.1%) in the simvastatin plus placebo group.

Postmarketing Experience

Because the below reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is generally not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Niacin extended-release tablets:

Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, flushing, dyspnea, tongue edema, larynx edema, face edema, peripheral edema, laryngismus, and vesiculobullous rash; maculopapular rash; dry skin; tachycardia; palpitations; atrial fibrillation; other cardiac arrhythmias; syncope; hypotension; postural hypotension; blurred vision; macular edema; peptic ulcers; eructation; flatulence; hepatitis; jaundice; decreased glucose tolerance; gout; myalgia; myopathy; dizziness; insomnia; asthenia; nervousness; paresthesia; dyspnea; sweating; burning sensation/skin burning sensation; skin discoloration, and migraine.

Clinical Laboratory Abnormalities

Chemistry: Elevations in serum transaminases, LDH, fasting glucose, uric acid, total bilirubin, amylase and creatine kinase, and reduction in phosphorus.

Hematology: Slight reductions in platelet counts and prolongation in prothrombin time.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS contact AvKARE, Inc. at 1-855-361-3993; email drugsafety@avkare.com; or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Niacin contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Niacin?

Niacin extended-release tablets are contraindicated in the following conditions:
Active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminases
Patients with active peptic ulcer disease
Patients with arterial bleeding
Hypersensitivity to Niacin or any component of this medication

What is Pyridoxine HCl?

Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Pyridoxine HCl (vitamin B 6) is necessary for normal breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

Some conditions may increase your need for Pyridoxine HCl. These include:

In addition, infants receiving unfortified formulas such as evaporated milk may need additional Pyridoxine HCl.

Increased need for Pyridoxine HCl should be determined by your health care professional.

Lack of Pyridoxine HCl may lead to anemia (weak blood), nerve damage, seizures, skin problems, and sores in the mouth. Your doctor may treat these problems by prescribing Pyridoxine HCl for you.

Claims that Pyridoxine HCl is effective for treatment of acne and other skin problems, alcohol intoxication, asthma, hemorrhoids, kidney stones, mental problems, migraine headaches, morning sickness, and menstrual problems, or to stimulate appetite or milk production have not been proven.

Injectable Pyridoxine HCl is given by or under the supervision of a health care professional. Other forms of Pyridoxine HCl are available without a prescription.

Pyridoxine HCl indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

* Sideroblastic anaemia

* Treatment and prophylaxis of vitamin B6 deficiency states

How should I use Pyridoxine HCl?

Use Pyridoxine HCl (vitamin b6) as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Pyridoxine HCl (vitamin b6).

Uses of Pyridoxine HCl in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.

Pyridoxine HCl (vitamin B6) is used to prevent or treat low levels of vitamin B6 in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra vitamin B6. However, some conditions (such as alcoholism, liver disease, overactive thyroid, heart failure) or medications (such as isoniazid, cycloserine, hydralazine, penicillamine) can cause low levels of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 plays an important role in the body. It is needed to maintain the health of nerves, skin, and red blood cells.

Pyridoxine HCl has been used to prevent or treat a certain nerve disorder (peripheral neuropathy) caused by certain medications (such as isoniazid). It has also been used to treat certain hereditary disorders (such as xanthurenic aciduria, cystathioninuria, hyperoxaluria, homocystinuria).

How to use Pyridoxine HCl

Take this vitamin by mouth with or without food, usually once daily. Follow all directions on the product package, or take as directed by your doctor. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

If you are taking the extended-release capsules, swallow them whole. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.

If you are taking the powder, mix it thoroughly in the proper amount of liquid and stir well. Drink all of the liquid right away. Do not prepare a supply for future use.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Use this vitamin regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day.

Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.

Pyridoxine HCl description

Pyridoxine HCl is the 4-methanol form of vitamin B6 and is converted to pyridoxal 5-phosphate in the body. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although Pyridoxine HCl and vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading. [PubChem]

Pyridoxine HCl dosage

Pyridoxine HCl Dosage

Applies to the following strength(s): 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg; 100 mg/mL; (as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate); pyridoxal 5'-phosphate 50 mg

The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Usual Adult Dose for:

Usual Pediatric Dose for:

Additional dosage information:

Usual Adult Dose for Drug Induced Vitamin/Mineral Deficiency

Drug Induced Neuritis:

Cycloserine: 100 to 300 mg/day orally in divided doses.

Isoniazid or penicillamine: 100 to 200 mg/day orally for 3 weeks or 25 to 100 mg/day for prophylaxis.

Oral contraceptives: 25 to 30 mg/day orally.

Acute Intoxication:

Hydralazine: 25 mg/kg. One-third of the dose should be administered IM and the remainder administered as an IV infusion over 3 hours.

Isoniazid: 1 to 4 grams IV as a first dose, then 1 g IM every 30 minutes until the total required dose has been administered (given with other anticonvulsants as needed). The total dose administered should equal the amount of isoniazid ingested.

Mushroom ingestion (genus Gyromitra): 25 mg/kg IV infused over 15 to 30 minutes. Repeat as needed to a maximum total daily dose of 15 to 20 g.

Usual Adult Dose for Dietary Supplement

Pyridoxine HCl Deficiency:

10 to 25 mg/day orally, IM, or IV for 3 weeks followed by 2 to 5 mg/day from a multivitamin product.

Usual Adult Dose for Anemia

Sideroblastic, hereditary: 200 to 600 mg orally daily. If adequate response obtained, dose may be decreased to 30 to 50 mg orally daily.

If therapeutic response is not obtained after 1 to 2 months of Pyridoxine HCl therapy, a different therapy should be considered.

Usual Adult Dose for Nausea/Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting of Pregnancy:

25 mg orally every 8 hours.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Drug Induced Vitamin/Mineral Deficiency

Drug Induced Neuritis (cycloserine, isoniazid, hydralazine, penicillamine) :

Treatment: 10 to 50 mg/day.

Prophylaxis: 1 to 2 mg/kg/day

Acute Intoxication:

Hydralazine: 25 mg/kg: One-third of the dose should be administered IM and the remainder administered as an IV infusion over 3 hours.

Isoniazid: Acute ingestion of known amount: Initial: A total dose of Pyridoxine HCl equal to the amount of isoniazid ingested (maximum dose: 70 mg/kg, up to 5 g); administer at a rate of 0.5 to 1 g/minute until seizures stop or the maximum initial dose has been administered; may repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed to control persistent seizure activity and/or CNS toxicity. If seizures stop prior to the administration of the calculated initial dose, infuse the remaining Pyridoxine HCl over 4 to 6 hours. Acute ingestion of unknown amount: Initial: 70 mg/kg (maximum dose: 5 g); administer at a rate of 0.5 to 1 g/minute; may repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed to control persistent seizure activity and/or CNS toxicity.

Mushroom ingestion (genus Gyromitra): 25 mg/kg IV. Repeat as needed up to a maximum total dose of 15 to 20 g.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Dietary Supplement

Pyridoxine HCl Deficiency:

5 to 25 mg/day orally, IM, or IV for 3 weeks followed by 1.5 to 2.5 mg/day from a multivitamin product.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Seizures

Pyridoxine HCl-dependent seizures:

10 to 100 mg PO, IM, or IV initially, followed by 2 to 100 mg orally daily.

Renal Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Liver Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Precautions

Drug dependence has been reported in patients withdrawn from the drug at doses of 200 mg per day.

Pyridoxine HCl should not be administered intravenously to patients with heart disease.

Sensory neuropathy with axonal degeneration has been reported following a single large dose of Pyridoxine HCl (10 g) administered intravenously. It may rarely occur following chronic administration of lower doses.

Dialysis

Data not available

Other Comments

Administer parenteral Pyridoxine HCl by slow IV push.

When administering large parenteral doses, the patients heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure should be monitored closely.

Oral Pyridoxine HCl may be given with or without food.

Urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid <0.1 mg/24 hours is suggestive of a deficiency.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl) is found in meat, liver, whole-grain breads and cereals, soybeans, vegetables, eggs, peanuts, walnuts, and corn.

Average Adequate Intake (AI) in Adults:

>=19 to 50 years: 1.3 mg/day

>=51 years:

Men: 1.7 mg/day

Women: 1.5 mg/day

Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) in Pediatrics:

1 to 3 years: 0.5 mg/day

4 to 8 years: 0.6 mg/day

Average Adequate Intake (AI) in Pediatrics:

0 to 6 months: 0.1 mg/day

7 to 12 months: 0.3 mg/day

9 to 13 years: 1 mg/day

Males:

>=14 years: 1.3 mg/day

Female:

>=14 years: 1.2 mg/day

More about Pyridoxine HCl

Consumer resources

Professional resources

Related treatment guides

Pyridoxine HCl interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Pyridoxine HCl?

The effects of some drugs can change if you take other drugs or herbal products at the same time. This can increase your risk for serious side effects or may cause your medications not to work correctly. These drug interactions are possible, but do not always occur. Your doctor or pharmacist can often prevent or manage interactions by changing how you use your medications or by close monitoring.

To help your doctor and pharmacist give you the best care, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products) before starting treatment with this product. While using this product, do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any other medicines you are using without your doctor's approval.

Some products that may interact with this vitamin include: altretamine, cisplatin, phenobarbital, phenytoin.

This vitamin may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including urine test for urobilinogen), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this vitamin.

This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

Pyridoxine HCl side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Pyridoxine HCl?

Pyridoxine HCl usually has no side effects when used in recommended doses.

If your doctor has prescribed this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Pyridoxine HCl can cause side effects when taken in large doses for a long time. Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: headache, nausea, drowsiness, numbness/tingling of arms/legs.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US -

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Pyridoxine HCl contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Pyridoxine HCl?

Contraindications for Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl)

Vitamin B6 is contraindicated in those hypersensitive to any component of a vitamin B6-containing product.

Retinol indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

Tetracycline hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of the following infections:

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsial pox and tick fever caused by Rickettsiae.

Respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

Psittacosis and ornithosis due to Chlamydia psittaci

Trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, although the infectious agent is not always eliminated, as judged by immuno- fluorescence

Inclusion conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

Tetracycline hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated urethral, endocervical or rectal infections in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

Nongonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum Relapsing fever due to Borrelia recurrentis

Tetracycline hydrochloride is also indicated for the treatment of infections caused by the following gram-negative microorganisms:

Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi

Plague due to Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis)

Tularemia due to Francisella tularensis (formerly Pasteurella tularensis)

Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae (formerly Vibrio comma)

Campylobacter fetus infections caused by Campylobacter fetus (formerly Vibrio fetus)

Brucellosis due to Brucella species (in conjunction with streptomycin)

Bartonellosis due to Bartonella bacilliformis

Granuloma inguinale caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

Because many strains of the following groups of microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracycline hydrochloride, culture and susceptibility testing are recommended.

Tetracycline hydrochloride is indicated for treatment of infections caused by the following gram-negative microorganisms, when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug:

Escherichia coli

Enterobacter aerogenes (formerly Aerobacter aerogenes)

Shigella species

Acinetobacter species [formerly Mima species and Herellea species]

Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae

Respiratory tract and urinary tract infections caused by Klebsiella species

Tetracycline hydrochloride is indicated for treatment of infections caused by the following gram-positive microorganisms when bacteriologic testing indicated appropriate susceptibility to the drug:

For upper respiratory infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (formerly Diplococcus pneumoniae)

Skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Tetracyclines are not the drugs of choice in the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infections

When penicillin is contraindicated, tetracycline hydrochloride is an alternative drug in the treatment of the following infections:

Uncomplicated gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum

Yaws caused by Treponema pertenue

Listeriosis due to Listeria monocytogenes

Anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis

Vincent’s infection caused by Fusobacterium fusiforme

Actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii

Infections caused by Clostridia species

In acute intestinal amebiasis, the tetracycline hydrochlorides may be a useful adjunctive therapy to amebicides.

In severe acne the tetracycline hydrochlorides may be useful ad- junctive therapy.

Retinol description

Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of carotenoids found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

Retinol dosage

Oral

Vitamin A deficiency

Adult: For severe deficiency with corneal changes: 500,000 units daily for 3 days, followed by 50,000 units daily for 2 wk and then 10,000-20,000 units daily for 2 mth as follow-up therapy. For cases with corneal changes: 10,000-25,000 units daily until clinical improvement occurs (usually 1-2 wk).

Child: In children with xerophthalmia: 5000 units/kg daily for 5 days or until recovery occurs.

Intramuscular

Patients with biliary cirrhosis or chronic cholestatic liver disease

Adult: 100,000 units every 2-4 mth.

Topical/Cutaneous

Psoriasis; Acne

Adult: Apply as cream or ointment on affected areas.

Retinol interactions

High doses of vitamin E, vitamin A reduces the absorption. Retinol, multivitamin preparations containing vitamin A should not be used simultaneously

Retinol side effects

Excessive doses of vitamin A to be the result of the symptoms are summarized as follows: - Acute hipervitaminöz A: Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, infants fontanel swelling (Maria-see syndrome), adult brain pseudotumor, called benign intracranial hypertension in the form of intracranial an increase in pressure. - Chronic hipervitaminöz A: General Painting: Fatigue, lethargy, sleep disorders, mental disorders, hiperirritabilite, headache, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. Blood: The nose bleeding, rarely hypoprothrombinemia. Eye: Papilledema, the double vision. Skin and mucous membranes: epithelial tissue loss, itching, hair loss, skin dryness, lips cracking, Internal Organs: Hepatomegaly and more rare splenomegaly, Genital Organs: Menstrual disorders (very rare). Skeletal System: Bone and joint pain, cortical hiperostoz long bones, premature closure of epiphysis in children.

Retinol contraindications

The intravenous administration. Hypervitaminosis A. Sensitivity to any of the ingredients in this preparation. Use in Pregnancy: Safety of amounts exceeding 6,000 Units of vitamin A daily during pregnancy has not been established at this time. The use of vitamin A in excess of the recommended dietary allowance may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Animal reproduction studies have shown fetal abnormalities associated with overdosage in several species. Malformations of the central nervous system, the eye, the palate, and the urogenital tract are recorded. Retinol in excess of the recommended dietary allowance is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. If vitamin A is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking vitamin A, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

What is Riboflavin?

Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Riboflavin (vitamin B 2) is needed to help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It also makes it possible for oxygen to be used by your body.

Lack of riboflavin may lead to itching and burning eyes, sensitivity of eyes to light, sore tongue, itching and peeling skin on the nose and scrotum, and sores in the mouth. Your doctor may treat this condition by prescribing riboflavin for you.

Some conditions may increase your need for riboflavin. These include:

In addition, riboflavin may be given to infants with high blood levels of bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia).

Increased need for riboflavin should be determined by your health care professional.

Claims that riboflavin is effective for treatment of acne, some kinds of anemia (weak blood), migraine headaches, and muscle cramps have not been proven.

Oral forms of riboflavin are available without a prescription.

Riboflavin indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

Oral

Prophylaxis of riboflavin deficiency

Adult: 1-2 mg daily.

Incompatibility: Incompatible with alkaline solutions and with tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin.

Oral

Riboflavin deficiency

Adult: Up to 30 mg daily in divided doses.

Child: 3-10 mg daily.

Incompatibility: Incompatible with alkaline solutions and with tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin.

Oral

Microcytic anaemia

Adult: Associated with splenomegaly and glutathione reductase deficiency: 10 mg daily for 10 days.

Incompatibility: Incompatible with alkaline solutions and with tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin.

Uses of Riboflavin in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.

Riboflavin (riboflavin) supplementation is used to prevent and treat riboflavin deficiency. Riboflavin may prevent migraine headaches at high doses and be useful for prevention of eye conditions such as cataract, glaucoma and tired eyes (fatigue). Riboflavin is also used for boosting of immune system, and maintenance of healthy hair, skin, nails and mucous membranes.

Riboflavin description

Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. [PubChem]

Riboflavin dosage

Dosage Forms

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Capsule,

Oral:

B-2-400: 400 mg

Generic: 50 mg

Tablet,

Oral:

Generic: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg

Dosing: Adult

Dietary supplement:

Oral: 100 mg once or twice daily

Prevention of migraine headache (off-label use):

Oral: 400 mg once daily (Rahimdel 2015; Schoenen 1998)

Dosing: Geriatric

Refer to adult dosing.

Dosing: Pediatric

Dietary supplement: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: A multivitamin preparation is most commonly used for the provision of riboflavin supplementation in pediatric patients; the use of a single-ingredient riboflavin product as a daily supplement for the prevention of deficiency in pediatric patients is very rare. If single-ingredient riboflavin supplement is necessary, consult product labeling for appropriateness of product in infants and young children in particular.

Migraine headache, prevention: Limited data available, efficacy results variable: Children ≥ 8 years and Adolescents:

Oral: 200 to 400 mg once daily; dosing based on a retrospective study of 41 patients (ages 8 to 18 years) who received 200 mg/day (n=21) or 400 mg/day (n=20) as prophylaxis for migraine and migraine-type headaches; results showed significant reduction in primary endpoint of frequency of headache attack; 68.4% of patients had a ≥50% decrease in headache frequency during treatment (Condò 2009). However, in a prospective, placebo-controlled study of 48 patients (ages 5 to 15 years), patients received 200 mg/day (n=27) or placebo (n=21) and in the treatment group (riboflavin) no benefit compared to placebo for migraine frequency or intensity was observed; a high placebo responder rate was also reported (MacLennan 2008).

Riboflavin interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Riboflavin?

Interactions for Riboflavin (Riboflavin)

Alcohol - impairs the intestinal absorption of riboflavi

Antidepressants (tricyclics or phenothiazines) - requirements for riboflavin may be increased in patients receiving these medications

Probenecid - concurrent use decreases gastrointestinal absorption of riboflavin; requirements for riboflavin may be increased in patients receiving probenecid.

Riboflavin side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Riboflavin?

Adverse Reactions

Frequency not defined: Genitourinary: Urine discoloration (yellow-orange)

Riboflavin contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Riboflavin?

None well documented.

Thiamine mononitrate indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.

treatment of vitamin B deficiencies and prevention of it.

Thiamine mononitrate interactions

none known

Thiamine mononitrate side effects

anaphylactic reactions rarely, severe cases can cause death, urine yellow colouration,peripheral neuropathy in case of prolonged useage, arrythmias,

Thiamine mononitrate contraindications

do not use in the treatment of leber disease or tobaco intoxication.

Active ingredient matches for Ascorbic acid/cholecalciferol/cyanocobalamin/dl-α tocopheryl acetate/folic acid/niacin/pyridoxine HCl/Retinol/riboflavin/thiamine mononitrate:

Ascorbic acid/cholecalciferol/cyanocobalamin/dl-α tocopheryl acetate/folic acid/niacin/pyridoxine HCl/Retinol/riboflavin/thiamine mononitrate


References

  1. DailyMed. "ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
  2. DailyMed. "ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PHYTONADIONE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN 5'-PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
  3. DailyMed. "ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; TOCOPHEROL ACETATE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN K: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).

Reviews

The results of a survey conducted on ndrugs.com for Ascorbic acid/cholecalciferol/cyanocobalamin/dl-α tocopheryl acetate/folic acid/niacin/pyridoxine HCl/Retinol/riboflavin/thiamine mononitrate are given in detail below. The results of the survey conducted are based on the impressions and views of the website users and consumers taking Ascorbic acid/cholecalciferol/cyanocobalamin/dl-α tocopheryl acetate/folic acid/niacin/pyridoxine HCl/Retinol/riboflavin/thiamine mononitrate. We implore you to kindly base your medical condition or therapeutic choices on the result or test conducted by a physician or licensed medical practitioners.

User reports

Consumer reported useful

No survey data has been collected yet


Consumer reported price estimates

No survey data has been collected yet


Consumer reported time for results

No survey data has been collected yet


Consumer reported age

No survey data has been collected yet


Consumer reviews


There are no reviews yet. Be the first to write one!


Your name: 
Email: 
Spam protection:  < Type 29 here

Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology

| Privacy Policy
This site does not supply any medicines. It contains prices for information purposes only.
© 2003 - 2024 ndrugs.com All Rights Reserved