Pregnancy is always a special situation where every action or side effect of the drug varies when compared to a situation of a non-pregnant patient. It is not only because the pregnant woman's metabolism differs due to the hormonal and other changes happened to her, but also because every medicine or its metabolite passes to the baby and shows its action there. The only thing is, be cautious, attentive and well supervised when you take any single drug in pregnancy. The interactions can vary in pregnancy, and the dosage may differ as well. Strict supervision of the Physician is mandatory.
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Category C: Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.
Betamethasone valerate breastfeeding
When a drug is taken when the patient is breast feeding, a part of the drug is secreted in her breast milk and is passed to the baby. The dosage of the medicine to mother and baby are different, and many drugs actions are side effects when you take them without a disease, and what if you the baby takes them without a disease? What if the drug is contraindicated in newborns, infants or children? So, breastfeeding is a very alarming situation when the mother is on medications. Ask your Physician or Pediatrician about the effect of the drug on the baby and how much is excreted in breast milk and if it harms the baby!
There are no data on the excretion Betamethasone valerate into human milk. The manufacturer recommends that due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
See references
References for pregnancy information
Sybulski S "Effect of antepartum Betamethasone valerate treatment on cortisol levels in cord plasma, amniotic fluid, and the neonate." Am J Obstet Gynecol 127 (1977): 871-4
Derks JB, Mulder EJH, Visser GHA "The effects of maternal Betamethasone valerate administration on the fetus." Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102 (1995): 40-6
Ballard RA, Ballard PL "Use of prenatal glucocorticoid therapy to prevent respiratory distress syndrome. A supporting view." Am J Dis Child 130 (1976): 982-7
Anderson AB, Gennser G, Jeremy JY, Ohrlander S, Sayers L, Turnbull AC "Placental transfer and metabolism of Betamethasone valerate in human pregnancy." Obstet Gynecol 49 (1977): 471-4
Maltau JM, Stokke KT, Moe N "Effects of Betamethasone valerate on plasma levels of estriol, cortisol and HCS in late pregnancy." Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 58 (1979): 235-8
Petersen MC, Nation RL, Ashley JJ, McBride WG "The placental transfer of Betamethasone valerate." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 18 (1980): 245-7
Ohrlander S, Gennser G, Batra S, Lebech P "Effect of Betamethasone valerate administration on estrone, estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid." Obstet Gynecol 49 (1977): 148-53
Pregnancy is always a special situation where every action or side effect of the drug varies when compared to a situation of a non-pregnant patient. It is not only because the pregnant woman's metabolism differs due to the hormonal and other changes happened to her, but also because every medicine or its metabolite passes to the baby and shows its action there. The only thing is, be cautious, attentive and well supervised when you take any single drug in pregnancy. The interactions can vary in pregnancy, and the dosage may differ as well. Strict supervision of the Physician is mandatory.
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Gentamicin crosses the placenta.
[US Boxed Warning]: Aminoglycosides may cause fetal harm if administered to a pregnant woman. There are several reports of total irreversible bilateral congenital deafness in children whose mothers received another aminoglycoside (streptomycin) during pregnancy. Although serious side effects to the fetus/infant have not been reported following maternal use of all aminoglycosides, a potential for harm exists.
Due to pregnancy-induced physiologic changes, some pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin may be altered (Popović 2007). Gentamicin use has been evaluated for various infections in pregnant women including the treatment of acute pyelonephritis (Jolley 2010) and as an alternative antibiotic for prophylactic use prior to cesarean delivery (Bratzler 2013).
Gentamicin breastfeeding
When a drug is taken when the patient is breast feeding, a part of the drug is secreted in her breast milk and is passed to the baby. The dosage of the medicine to mother and baby are different, and many drugs actions are side effects when you take them without a disease, and what if you the baby takes them without a disease? What if the drug is contraindicated in newborns, infants or children? So, breastfeeding is a very alarming situation when the mother is on medications. Ask your Physician or Pediatrician about the effect of the drug on the baby and how much is excreted in breast milk and if it harms the baby!
Gentamicin is excreted into breast milk in small amounts. At 1 and 7 hours following a dose of gentamicin, serum concentrations averaged 3.9 and 1.1 mcg/mL, respectively, while milk concentrations averaged 0.4 and 0.4 mcg/mL. The milk:plasma ratio averaged 0.11 and 0.44, respectively. Infants were fed one hour after administration of gentamicin. Gentamicin was detected in the serum of 5 of 10 infants with an average serum concentration of 0.4 mcg/mL. The five other infants had undetectable levels (below 0.27 mcg/mL). Gentamicin is considered compatible with breast-feeding by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Weinstein AJ, Gibbs RS, Gallagher M "Placental transfer of clindamycin and gentamicin in term pregnancy." Am J Obstet Gynecol 124 (1976): 688-91
Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ.. "Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed." Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins (1998):
References for breastfeeding information
"American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Drugs. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk." Pediatrics 108 (2001): 776-89
Celiloglu M, Celiker S, Guven H, Tuncok Y, Demir N, Erten O "Gentamicin excretion and uptake from breast milk by nursing infants." Obstet Gynecol 84 (1994): 263-5
Pregnancy is always a special situation where every action or side effect of the drug varies when compared to a situation of a non-pregnant patient. It is not only because the pregnant woman's metabolism differs due to the hormonal and other changes happened to her, but also because every medicine or its metabolite passes to the baby and shows its action there. The only thing is, be cautious, attentive and well supervised when you take any single drug in pregnancy. The interactions can vary in pregnancy, and the dosage may differ as well. Strict supervision of the Physician is mandatory.
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Pregnancy predisposes patients to the development of vaginal candidiasis due to changes in the vaginal tract. Miconazole has been used in several clinical trials for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis, generally during the second and third trimester, without evidence of fetal harm. In a review of 229,101 deliveries to Michigan Medicaid patients, 7266 first-trimester exposures to miconazole and 31,503 exposures any time during pregnancy were recorded. A total of 304 birth defects were reported with first trimester exposure (273 expected) and included (observed/expected) 77/73 cardiovascular defects, 14/13 clefts, 3 spina bifida, 4/4 oral clefts, 22/15 polydactyly, 12/9 limb reductions, and 20/17 hypospadias (written communication, Franz Rosa, MD, Food and Drug Administration, 1994). These data do not support an association between first-trimester miconazole use and birth defects.
Miconazole has not officially been assigned to a pregnancy category by the FDA. In clinical trials, miconazole treatment of vaginal candidiasis has not been associated with fetal harm. Miconazole is only recommended for use during pregnancy when there are no alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.
Miconazole breastfeeding
When a drug is taken when the patient is breast feeding, a part of the drug is secreted in her breast milk and is passed to the baby. The dosage of the medicine to mother and baby are different, and many drugs actions are side effects when you take them without a disease, and what if you the baby takes them without a disease? What if the drug is contraindicated in newborns, infants or children? So, breastfeeding is a very alarming situation when the mother is on medications. Ask your Physician or Pediatrician about the effect of the drug on the baby and how much is excreted in breast milk and if it harms the baby!
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There are no data on the excretion of miconazole into human milk. The manufacturer recommends that caution be used when administering miconazole to nursing women.
See references
References for pregnancy information
Weisberg M "Treatment of vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women." Clin Ther 8 (1986): 563-7
"Product Information. ORAVIG (miconazole)." Strativa Pharmaceuticals, a Division of Par Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
References
DailyMed. "MICONAZOLE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "GENTAMICIN SULFATE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "BETAMETHASONE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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