An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
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General debility, illness & physical exertion.
Carbohydrate dosage
3 tsp in a glass of cold water.
Choline indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. [PubChem]
Choline side effects
Flushing, Gastrointestinal disturbance, Decreased white blood cell count
What is Copper?
Copper is a copper-releasing system that is placed in your uterus by your healthcare provider to prevent pregnancy for up to 10 years.
Copper can be removed by your healthcare provider at any time.
Copper does not contain any hormones.
Copper can be used whether or not you have given birth to a child.
Copper is a small, flexible plastic “T” shaped intrauterine system with copper wrapped around the stem and placed on arms of the “T”. Two thin white threads are attached to the stem (lower end) of Copper. The threads are the only part of Copper you can feel when Copper is in your uterus; however, unlike a tampon string, the threads do not extend outside of your body.
Copper does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
What if I need birth control for more than 10 years?
Copper must be removed on or before 10 years from the date of insertion. Your healthcare provider can place a new Copper during the same office visit if you choose to continue using Copper.
What if I want to stop using Copper?
Copper is intended for use up to 10 years, but you can stop using Copper at any time by asking your healthcare provider to remove it. You could become pregnant as soon as Copper is removed; however, if you do not want to become pregnant you should use another method of birth control. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best birth control methods for you.
What if I change my mind about birth control and want to become pregnant in less than 10 years?
Your healthcare provider can remove Copper at any time before the 10 years after placement. You may become pregnant as soon as Copper is removed.
Copper indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
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Copper® is indicated for intrauterine contraception for up to 10 years. The pregnancy rate in clinical studies has been less than 1 pregnancy per 100 women each year.
Table 1: Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and first year of perfect use of contraception and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year: United States
Footnotes to Table 1
Source: Trussel J, Contraceptive efficacy. In Hatcher RA, Trussel J, Stewart F, Cates W, Stewart GK, Kowal D, Guest F, Contraceptive Technology: Seventeenth Revised Edition. New York NY: Irvington Publishers, 1998.
% of Women Experiencing
an Accidental Pregnancy within
the First Year of Use
% of Women Continuing
Use at One Year3
Method (1)
Typical Use1 (2)
Perfect Use2 (3)
(4)
Chance4
85
85
Spermicides5
26
6
40
Periodic Abstinence
Calendar
Ovulation Method
Sympto-thermal6
Post-ovulation
25
9
3
2
1
63
Cap7
Parous women
Nulliparous women
40
20
26
9
42
56
Sponge
Parous women
Nulliparous women
40
20
20
9
42
56
Diaphragm7
20
6
56
Withdrawal
19
4
Condom8
Female (Reality)
Male
21
14
5
3
56
61
Pill
Progestin only
Combined
5
0.5
0.1
71
IUD
Progesterone T
Copper T 380A
LNg 20
2.0
0.8
0.1
1.5
0.6
0.1
81
78
81
Depo Provera
0.3
0.3
70
Norplant and Norplant-2
0.05
0.05
88
Female sterilization
0.5
0.5
100
Male sterilization
0.15
0.10
100
Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Treatment initiated within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse reduces the risk of pregnancy by at least 75%.9
Lactational Amenorrhea Method: LAM is a highly effective temporary method of contraception.10
1.
Among typical couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason.
2.
Among couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time) and who use it perfectly (both consistently and correctly), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any reason.
3.
Among couples attempting to avoid pregnancy, the percentage who continue to use a method for one year.
4.
The percents becoming pregnant in columns (2) and (3) are based on data from populations where contraception is not used and from women who cease using contraception in order to become pregnant. Among such populations, about 89% become pregnant within one year. This estimate was lowered slightly (to 85%) to represent the percentage who would become pregnant within one year among women now relying on reversible methods of contraception if they abandoned contraception altogether.
5.
Foams, creams, gels, vaginal suppositories, and vaginal film.
6.
Cervical mucus (ovulation) method supplemented by calendar in the pre-ovulatory and basal body temperature in the post-ovulatory phases.
7.
With spermicidal cream or jelly.
8.
Without spermicides.
9.
The treatment schedule is one dose within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, and a second dose 12 hours after the first dose. Preven is the only dedicated product specifically marketed for emergency contraception. The Food and Drug Administration has also declared the following brands of oral contraceptive to be safe and effective for emergency contraception: Ovral (1 dose is 2 white pills), Alesse (1 dose is 5 pink pills), Nordette or Levlen (1 dose is 4 light-orange pills), Lo/Ovral (1 dose is 4 white pills), Triphasil or Tri-Levlen (1 dose is 4 yellow pills).
10.
However, to maintain effective protection against pregnancy, another method of contraception must be used as soon as menstruation resumes, the frequency or duration of breastfeeds is reduced, bottle feeds are introduced, or the baby reaches 6 months of age.
Uses of Copper in details
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
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Use: Labeled Indications
Trace element added to parenteral nutrition (PN) to prevent copper deficiency; orally as a dietary supplement
Copper description
Copper has been designed for the demands of modern life. With a wide range of nutrients and trace minerals, Copper gives nutritional support to the area of health which are most relevance to women.
No artificial colours, gluten, presevatives, starch or sugar, salt or yeast.
Copper has not been tested on animals.
Copper dosage
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Copper Dosage
Generic name: COPPER 313.4mg
Dosage form: intrauterine device
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Sep 1, 2019.
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Dosage
Professional
Pregnancy
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Important Dosage and Administration Instructions
Copper should only be inserted by a healthcare provider trained in Copper’s insertion procedures, because insertion for Copper is different from that used for other intrauterine systems. Healthcare providers should become thoroughly familiar with the product, product educational materials, product insertion instructions, and prescribing information before attempting insertion of Copper.
Insert one Copper at the fundus of the uterine cavity.
Remove Copper on or before 10 years from the date of insertion.
May replace Copper at the time of removal with a new Copper if continued contraceptive protection is desired.
Before considering use of Copper, make sure that the female is an appropriate candidate for Copper. Exclude pregnancy (consider the possibility of ovulation and conception) prior to use.
Timing of Insertion
Refer to Table 1 for recommended timing of Copper insertion.
Table 1: Recommended Timing of Copper Insertion
Clinical Situation
Recommended Timing of Copper Insertion
1. Start Copper in females not currently using contraception
At any time during the menstrual cycle.
2. Switch to Copper from an oral, transdermal, or vaginal form of hormonal contraception or an injectable progestin contraceptive
At any time during the menstrual cycle; discontinue the previous method.
3. Switch to Copper from a contraceptive implant or other intrauterine system
Same day the implant or IUS is removed (insert at any time during the menstrual cycle).
4. Insert Copper after abortion or miscarriage
Immediately after abortion, although immediate placement has a slightly higher risk of expulsion than
placement at other times. Insertion after second trimester abortion is associated with a higher risk of expulsion than insertion after a first trimester abortion.
5. Insert Copper after Childbirth
May insert immediately postpartum.
Insertion before uterine involution is complete, which may not occur until the second postpartum month, has been associated with increased risk of expulsion.
There appears to be an increased risk of perforation in lactating women.
Preparation Instruction
Before insertion:
Use strict aseptic techniques throughout preparation.
Place the package containing Copper (face-up), sterile card, and solid white rod on a sterile field and open package from the bottom end where arrow says “open”.
Figure 1: Copper Intrauterine System (IUS) with Insertion Tube and Solid White Rod
Consider the use of an analgesic
Establish the size and position of the uterus by performing a bi-manual examination.
Insert a speculum and, using a cotton swab, cleanse the cervix and vagina with an antiseptic solution.
Apply a tenaculum to the cervix and use gentle traction to align the cervical canal with the uterine cavity.
Gently insert a sterile uterine sound to measure the depth of the uterine cavity. The uterus should sound to a depth of 6 to 9 cm except when inserting Copper immediately postabortion or immediately postpartum.
Insertion of Copper may be associated with pain and/or bleeding or vasovagal reactions (e.g. syncope, bradycardia, or seizure) especially in patients with a predisposition to these symptoms. Insertion into a uterine cavity measuring less than 6 cm may increase the incidence of expulsion, bleeding, pain, and perforation.
If cervical stenosis is encountered, avoid undue force. Dilators and analgesia/local anesthesia may be helpful in this situation.
Insertion Procedure
Use strict aseptic techniques throughout the insertion procedure. Using sterile gloves, bend the T-Arms of Copper by folding the two horizontal arms down against the stem.
Slightly withdraw insertion tube, push arms down along the stem, slide insertion tube over the tips of the T-Arms. Only the tips of the T-Arms should be in the insertion tube. Do not advance beyond the copper collars. Insert solid white rod into bottom of insertion tube until it touches the bottom of the IUS. Do not leave the horizontal arms of Copper bent for more than 5 minutes, as the arms may not open properly.
Figure 2: Inserting Tips of T-Arms of Paraguard into Insertion Tube
Although using sterile gloves is recommended, in situations where sterile gloves are not available, you can perform this step while Copper is in the sterile package. Place the package face up on a clean surface. Open from the bottom end where arrow says “open”. Pull the solid white rod from the package and put it back in the package laying it carefully alongside the insertion tube, making sure the distal end of the rod remains sterile. Place thumb and index finger on the outside of the package, on top of the ends of the horizontal arms. Use other hand to push insertion tube against arms of Copper (shown by arrow in Figure 3). This will start bending the T-Arms downward. Note that the arms of Copper should be folded downward to ensure proper insertion.
Figure 3: Bending T-Arms of Paraguard While in Sterile Packaging
Bring the thumb and index finger closer together on the outside of the package to continue bending the arms until they are alongside the stem. Use the other hand to withdraw the insertion tube slightly so that the insertion tube can be pushed and rotated over the tips of the T-Arms. Only the tips of the T-Arms should be in the insertion tube. Do not advance beyond the copper collars. Insert solid white rod into bottom of the insertion tube until it touches the bottom of the IUS. Do not leave the horizontal arms of Copper bent for more than 5 minutes, as the arms may not open properly.
Figure 4: Inserting Tips of T-Arms of Paraguard into Insertion Tube While in Sterile Packaging
Once the above steps are completed and Copper is in the insertion tube, grasp the insertion tube at the open end of the package; adjust the blue flange so that the distance from the top of the Copper insertion tube is the same as the uterine depth measured with the uterine sound or use the sterile card to adjust the blue flange according to the premeasured uterine depth.
Rotate the blue flange so that the horizontal arms of Copper and the long axis of the blue flange lie in the same horizontal plane to ensure the arms open up in the proper direction.
To orient the uterus in an axial position, apply gentle traction to the tenaculum. Then pass the loaded insertion tube through the cervical canal until Copper just touches the fundus of the uterus. The blue flange should be at the cervix in the horizontal plane.
Figure 5: Insertion Tube with Paraguard in Uterus
Release the arms of Copper by holding the solid white rod steady and withdrawing the insertion tube no more than one centimeter. This releases the arms of Copper high in the uterine fundus.
Figure 6: Release of T-Arms of Paraguard in Uterus
Gently and carefully move the insertion tube upward toward the fundus of the uterus, until slight resistance is felt. This will ensure placement of Copper at the highest possible position within the uterus. Do not use the white rod as a plunger to push or insert Copper.
Figure 7: Placement of Paraguard in Fundus of Uterus
Hold the insertion tube steady and withdraw the solid white rod. Do not remove the solid white rod and the insertion tube at the same time to prevent accidental pulling of the threads.
Figure 8: Withdraw Solid White Rod from Uterus
Gently and slowly withdraw the insertion tube from the cervical canal.
Only the threads should be visible protruding from the cervix. Trim the threads so that 3 to 4 cm protrude into the vagina. Measure the length of protrusion of the threads.
Recommend recording length of threads, date of placement and Copper lot number.
Figure 9: Appropriate Paraguard Placement in Uterus
If you suspect that Copper is not in the correct position, check placement (with ultrasound, if necessary). If Copper is not positioned completely within the uterus, remove it and replace it with a new Copper. Do not reinsert an expelled or partially expelled Copper.
Postplacement Management of Paraguard
Following placement:
Examine the female after her first menses to confirm that Copper is still in place. You should be able to visualize or feel only the threads. The length of the visible threads may change with time. However, no action is needed unless you suspect partial expulsion, perforation, pregnancy, or breakage.
If you cannot find the threads in the vagina, check that Copper is still in the uterus. The threads can retract into the uterus or break, or Copper can break, perforate the uterus, or be expelled. Gentle probing of the cavity, x-ray, or sonography may be required to locate Copper
Remove Copper if it has been partially expelled or perforated the uterus.
Do not reinsert a used Copper.
2.6 Removal of Paraguard
Timing of Removal
Copper can be removed at any time prior to 10 years after insertion.
Remove Copper no later than 10 years after insertion. A new Copper can be inserted at the time of removal if continued contraceptive protection is desired.
Removal Instructions
Use a speculum and visualize the cervix.
Remove Copper with forceps, pulling gently on the exposed threads. The arms of Copper will fold upwards as it is withdrawn from the uterus.
Breakage or embedment of Copper in the myometrium can make removal difficult. Analgesia, paracervical anesthesia, cervical dilation, alligator forceps or other grasping instrument, or hysteroscopy may assist in removing an embedded Copper.
Make sure Copper is intact upon removal.
Removal may be associated with some pain and/or bleeding or vasovagal reactions (e.g. syncope, bradycardia, seizures) especially in patients with a predisposition to these conditions.
Further information
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
Medical Disclaimer
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Drug class: miscellaneous vaginal agents
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Copper (FDA)
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Birth Control
Copper interactions
Ascorbic Acid: Copper may decrease the serum concentration of Ascorbic Acid. Management: To minimize the risk for ascorbic acid degradation, add multivitamin product to TPN solution immediately prior to infusion or administer multivitamin and copper in separate containers. Consider therapy modification
Copper® should not be placed when one or more of the following conditions exist:
1.
Pregnancy or suspicion of pregnancy
2.
Abnormalities of the uterus resulting in distortion of the uterine cavity
3.
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease, or current behavior suggesting a high risk for pelvic inflammatory disease
4.
Postpartum endometritis or postabortal endometritis in the past 3 months
5.
Known or suspected uterine or cervical malignancy
6.
Genital bleeding of unknown etiology
7.
Mucopurulent cervicitis
8.
Wilson’s disease
9.
Allergy to any component of Copper®
10.
A previously placed IUD that has not been removed
Fat indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Low fat-fortified nutritional supplement for pregnant & lactating mothers.
Fat description
Fat contains skimmed milk (cow's milk), corn syrup, lactose, demineralized whey (cow's milk), palm olein, low erucic rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, minerals, vitamins, soya lecithin, fish oil, taurine, Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Each 100 mL of liquid contains fat 2.97 g, protein 2 g, carbohydrates 8.1 g, linoleic 0.6 g and calcium 77 mg.
Viable Bifidobacteria Culture Count: 106 cfu/g. See table.
Fat dosage
Wash hands before preparing Fat. Boil drinking water for 5 min and allow to cool. Using the scoop, add 7-level scoops of powder to 210 mL of lukewarm water. Shake or stir until powder is fully dissolved.
Reconstitution: 36 g powder to 210 mL water.
Note: Boiled water must be cooled down to <45°C before using for reconstitution to reduce the loss of live bacteria. Once prepared, Fat should be used and not kept.
Fat contraindications
Not suitable for infants <6 months.
Fe indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Provides nutritional dietary supplement for metabolic build-up & restores energy required for extra mental & physical activities. Stimulates appetite & promotes growth & proper development of brain, bones & muscles.
Fe dosage
1 cap daily.
What is Folic acid?
Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Folic acid (vitamin B 9) is necessary for strong blood.
Lack of folic acid may lead to anemia (weak blood). Your health care professional may treat this by prescribing folic acid for you.
Some conditions may increase your need for folic acid. These include:
Alcoholism
Anemia, hemolytic
Diarrhea (continuing)
Fever (prolonged)
Hemodialysis
Illness (prolonged)
Intestinal diseases
Liver disease
Stress (continuing)
Surgical removal of stomach
In addition, infants smaller than normal, breast-fed infants, or those receiving unfortified formulas (such as evaporated milk or goat's milk) may need additional folic acid.
Increased need for folic acid should be determined by your health care professional.
Some studies have found that folic acid taken by women before they become pregnant and during early pregnancy may reduce the chances of certain birth defects (neural tube defects).
Claims that folic acid and other B vitamins are effective for preventing mental problems have not been proven. Many of these treatments involve large and expensive amounts of vitamins.
Injectable folic acid is given by or under the direction of your health care professional. Another form of folic acid is available without a prescription.
Folic acid indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of the folate deficiency state. It does not correct folate deficiency due to dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Folic acid is also used in women of child-bearing potential and pregnant women to protect against neural tube defects in their offspring. It is also used for the treatment of folate-deficient megaloblastic anaemia, chronic haemolytic states such as thalassaemia major or sickle-cell anaemia.
How should I use Folic acid?
Use folic acid as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Folic acid may be administered as an injection by your health care professional.
If you are using folic acid at home, carefully follow the injection procedures taught to you by your health care provider. If the medicine contains particles, is discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged in any way, do not use it.
Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Dispose of properly after use. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explain local regulations for selecting an appropriate container and properly disposing of the container when full.
If you miss a dose of folic acid, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use folic acid.
Uses of Folic acid in details
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
Folic acid is the man-made form of folate. Folate is a B-vitamin naturally found in some foods. It is needed to form healthy cells, especially red blood cells.
Folic acid supplements may come in different forms (such as L-methylfolate, levomefolate, methyltetrahydrofolate). They are used to treat or prevent low folate levels. Low folate levels can lead to certain types of anemia. Conditions that can cause low folate levels include poor diet, pregnancy, alcoholism, liver disease, certain stomach/intestinal problems, kidney dialysis, among others. Women of childbearing age should receive adequate amounts of folic acid either through their diet or supplements to prevent infant spinal cord birth defects.
How to use Folic acid
Take this product by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. If you are taking the over-the-counter product, follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take this product more often than directed.
Take this product regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. Follow the diet plan recommended by your doctor or dietician. See also Notes section.
If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.
Folic acid description
A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. [PubChem]
Folic acid dosage
Folic Acid Dosage
Applies to the following strength(s): 1 mg; 0.4 mg; 5 mg/mL; 0.8 mg
The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Usual Adult Dose for:
Megaloblastic Anemia
Folic Acid Deficiency
Usual Pediatric Dose for:
Folic Acid Deficiency
Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation
Additional dosage information:
Renal Dose Adjustments
Liver Dose Adjustments
Dose Adjustments
Dialysis
Other Comments
Usual Adult Dose for Megaloblastic Anemia
1 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day. May continue until clinical symptoms of folate deficiency and the hematological profile have normalized.
Usual Adult Dose for Folic Acid Deficiency
400 to 800 mcg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.
Women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women: 800 mcg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Folic Acid Deficiency
Infant:
0.1 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.
Child:
Less than 4 years: up to 0.3 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.
4 years or older: 0.4 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation
Recommended daily allowance (RDA):
Premature neonates: 50 mcg/day (15 mcg/kg/day).
Full-term neonates and infants 1 to 6 months: 25 to 35 mcg/day.
Children:
1 to 3 years: 150 mcg/day.
4 to 8 years: 200 mcg/day.
9 to 13 years: 300 mcg/day.
14 years and older: 400 mcg/day.
Renal Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Liver Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Dose Adjustments
Rarely, a dosage of 2 mg/day may be required, particularly in patients with malabsorption, alcoholism, chronic hemolysis, chronic exfoliative skin disease or who are on concomitant anticonvulsant therapy.
Dialysis
Folic acid is removed by both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The amount removed varies with type equipment used.
Because folate may accumulate in patients with end-stage renal disease, side effects may be more likely in this patient who is undergoing dialysis. Once this patient's body stores of folate are replete, three times a week dosing may be just as beneficial as once daily dosing but should portend a lower risk of side effects.
Other Comments
The recommended daily allowance of folic acid for adult males and females ranges from 150 to 200 and 150 to 180 mcg/day, respectively.
There is a potential danger in administering folic acid to patients with undiagnosed anemia, since folic acid may obscure the diagnosis of pernicious anemia by alleviating the hematologic manifestations of the disease while allowing the neurologic complications to progress.
Severe megaloblastic anemia may require therapy for 4 to 5 weeks. Once stabilized, if dietary intake is inadequate, maintenance therapy can be started.
Medications that interfere with your bodys ability to use folate may also increase the need for this vitamin. Medications can interfere with folate utilization, including: anticonvulsant medications (such as phenytoin, and primidone) metformin (sometimes prescribed to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes) sulfasalazine (used to control inflammation associated with Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis) triamterene (a diuretic) Methotrexate There has been concern about the interaction between vitamin B12 and folic acid. Folic acid supplements can correct the anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Unfortunately, folic acid will not correct changes in the nervous system that result from vitamin B12 deficiency. Permanent nerve damage could theoretically occur if vitamin B12 deficiency is not treated. Therefore, intake of supplemental folic acid should not exceed 1000 micrograms (g, sometimes mcg) per day to prevent folic acid from masking symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is important for older adults to be aware of the relationship between folic acid and vitamin B12 because they are at greater risk of having a vitamin B12 deficiency. If you are 50 years of age or older, ask your physician to check your B12 status before you take a supplement that contains folic acid.
Allergic sensitization has been reported following both oral and parenteral administration of Folic Acid.
Folic Acid is relatively nontoxic in man. Rare instances of allergic responses to Folic Acid preparations have been reported and have included erythema, skin rash, itching, general malaise, and respiratory difficulty due to bronchospasm. One patient experienced symptoms suggesting anaphylaxis following injection of the drug. Gastrointestinal side effects, including anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, flatulence, and a bitter or bad taste, have been reported in patients receiving 15 mg Folic Acid daily for 1 month. Other side effects reported in patients receiving 15 mg daily include altered sleep patterns, difficulty in concentrating, irritability, overactivity, excitement, mental depression, confusion, and impaired judgment. Decreased vitamin B12 serum levels may occur in patients receiving prolonged Folic Acid therapy.
In an uncontrolled study, orally administered Folic Acid was reported to increase the incidence of seizures in some epileptic patients receiving phenobarbital, primidone, or diphenylhydantoin. Another investigator reported decreased diphenylhydantoin serum levels in folate-deficient patients receiving diphenylhydantoin who were treated with 5 mg or 15 mg of Folic Acid daily.
CALL YOUR DOCTOR FOR MEDICAL ADVICE ABOUT SIDE EFFECTS. YOU MAY REPORT SIDE EFFECTS TO THE FDA AT 1-800-FDA-1088 OR LEADING PHARMA, LLC AT 844-740-7500.
Because it may mask the hematologic abnormalities while neurological damage progresses, folic acid should not be used in the therapy of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency of any cause, unless there is associated folate deficiency. The folic acid content of one tablet a day however, is unlikely to mask pernicious anemia should this condition be present. Also, pregnancy during pernicious anemia is very rare.
Inositol indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
* Narrowing of the blood vessels in the hands, causing numb and painful fingers (Raynaud’s disease)
* Severe cramping pain in the calf muscles brought on by exercise, due to narrowing of the arteries in the calves (severe intermittent claudication)
Inositol interactions
There are no significant interactions reported with this medicine.
Inositol side effects
Headache
Rash
Pins and needles (paraesthesia)
Dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
Flushing
Excessive fluid retention in the body tissues, resulting in swelling (oedema)
A drop in blood pressure that occurs when going from lying down to sitting or standing, which results in dizziness and lightheadedness (postural hypotension)
Fainting
Inositol contraindications
* Children
* Early stage of a stroke
* People who have recently had a heart attack, allergy to one or any of its ingredients.
What is Iodine?
There are many brands and forms of povidone iodine topical available. Not all brands are listed on this leaflet.
Iodine is used on the skin to treat or prevent skin infection in minor cuts, scrapes, or burns. Iodine is also used in a medical setting to help prevent infection and promote healing in skin wounds, pressure sores, or surgical incisions.
Some forms of povidone iodine topical are used inside the mouth to provide temporary relief of minor mouth pain or irritation, sore throat, or canker sore pain.
Iodine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Iodine indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Intramuscular
Iodine deficiency disorders
Adult: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): Up to 45 yr: 380 mg iodine, as single IM doses to provide adequate protection from iodine deficiency for up to 3 yr. Pregnant patient: Moderate to severe: 480 mg iodine each yr.
Child: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): 380 mg iodine, as single IM doses to provide adequate protection from iodine deficiency for up to 3 yr. Infants up to 1 yr: 190 mg iodine, as iodised oil (480 mg/ml iodine).
Oral
Grave's disease
Child: Neonates: 1 drop of strong iodine solution every 8 hr.
Oral
Radiation protection against radioactive iodine
Adult: As potassium iodide: 100-150 mg 24 hr before procedure and daily for up to 10 days after procedure.
Child: As potassium iodide: Infants from birth to 1 mth with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 centigrays (cGy): 16 mg. >1 mth to 3 yr with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 cGy: 32 mg. >3 yr to 18 yr (except adolescents approaching adult size) with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 cGy: 65 mg. Do not exceed once-daily doses.
Oral
Preoperative reduction of vascularity of the thyroid gland
Adult: As potassium iodide: 50-250 mg (approx 1-5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid for 10-14 days before surgery.
Child: As potassium iodide: 50-250 mg (approx 1-5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid for 10-14 days before surgery. As strong iodine solution: 0.1-0.3 ml (or approx 3-5 drops) tid.
Oral
Cutaneous or lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
Adult: As potassium iodide solution containing 1 g/mL: Initially, 1 mL tid, should continue for at least 1 mth after disappearance or stabilisation of the lesions.
Child: As potassium iodide: Initially, 250 mg (approx 5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid. Max: 1.25-2 g (approx 25-40 drops) tid. Duration: 3-6 mth.
Oral
Thyroid storm
Adult: As potassium iodide: Up to 500 mg every 4 hr.
Oral
Iodine deficiency disorders
Adult: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): 400 mg iodine once yrly. Pregnant patient: 200 mg iodine as a single dose. Moderate to severe: 300-480 mg iodine each yr or 100-300 mg iodine every 6 mth and for at least 1 yr postpartum.
Child: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): Infants up to 1 yr: Single dose of 100 mg iodine; 1-5 yr: 200 mg iodine; >6 yr: 400 mg iodine.
Topical/Cutaneous
Cleaning wet ulcers and wounds
Adult: As 0.9% topical gel: Apply to clean wound. Max: 50 g/application and 150 g/wk. Change dressing about 3 times/wk and reduce applications as exudate decreases. Do not use for >3 mth and stop treatment when wound is free of exudate.
Child: As 0.9% topical gel: Apply to clean wound. Max: 50 g/application and 150 g/wk. Change dressing about 3 times/wk and reduce applications as exudate decreases. Do not use for >3 mth and stop treatment when wound is free of exudate.
Topical/Cutaneous
Minor, superficial skin wounds
Adult: As 2% or 2.5% solution/ointment: Apply small amount to the affected area 1-3 times daily.
Child: As 2% or 2.5% solution/ointment: Apply small amount to the affected area 1-3 times daily.
How should I use Iodine?
Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor.
Iodine is available in many different forms, such as a liquid, ointment, aerosol powder, cream, spray, swab, and soap. Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not understand these instructions.
Always follow directions on the medicine label about using this medicine on a child. Some forms of povidone iodine topical should not be used in children of certain ages.
Iodine is usually applied to the skin as needed. First clean the area to be treated.
Shake Iodine spray well just before each use.
Allow the medicine to dry completely on the skin before applying a bandage. Do not apply a tight bandage.
Do not use this medicine on deep wounds, puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns. Do not apply over large skin areas.
When treating an infection, you may be given antibiotic medication to take by mouth. Use all medicines for the full prescribed length of time, even if your symptoms quickly improve.
Iodine used in the mouth may be used up to 4 times per day. How often you can use this medicine depends on what form you use. Follow all directions on the medicine label.
Do not use Iodine in the mouth if you are using a form that is made for use only on the skin.
To use Iodine spray in the mouth, spray directly into the mouth or throat. Leave the medicine in place for 15 seconds, then spit it out. Avoid swallowing the spray. Use once every 2 hours as needed.
To use Iodine as a mouth rinse, gargle or swish the liquid for 30 seconds, then spit it out. Do not swallow the liquid. Use up to 4 times per day.
You should not use Iodine for longer than 7 days without medical advice.
Call your doctor if your sore throat is severe or ongoing after 2 days, or if you also have a high fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
If you are using Iodine on your skin, seek medical advice if you have new or worsening symptoms of pain, redness, swelling, rash, or fever.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not freeze.
Each Iodine swab is for one use only.
Iodine can stain skin, teeth, and fabric. You may use rubbing alcohol to remove staining from your skin. Avoid getting alcohol onto a wound or irritated skin. Stains on fabric can be removed by rinsing with ammonia diluted with water. Avoid getting the medicine on jewelry, especially silver.
Iodine spray is flammable. Do not use near high heat or open flame. Do not smoke until the gel has completely dried on your skin.
Uses of Iodine in details
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
Use: Labeled Indications
Used topically as an antiseptic in the management of minor, superficial skin wounds and has been used to disinfect the skin preoperatively
Iodine description
Iodine as oral and topical/cutaneous formulations is prescribed for the treatment of iodine deficiency disorders, pre-operative reduction of vascularity of thyroid glands, protection against radioactive iodine, cutaneous or lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, Grave’s disease, cleaning of minor or superficial wounds, thyroid storm and cleaning of wet wounds and ulcers.
Iodine dosage
Oral
Preoperative reduction of vascularity of the thyroid gland
Adult: As potassium iodide: 50-250 mg (approx 1-5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid for 10-14 days before surgery.
Child: As potassium iodide: 50-250 mg (approx 1-5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid for 10-14 days before surgery. As strong iodine solution: 0.1-0.3 ml (or approx 3-5 drops) tid.
Reconstitution: Administer potassium iodide oral solution in a large quantity (240 ml) of water, or in fruit juice, milk formula or broth.
Oral
Grave's disease
Child: Neonates: 1 drop of strong iodine solution every 8 hr.
Oral
Radiation protection against radioactive iodine
Adult: As potassium iodide: 100-150 mg 24 hr before procedure and daily for up to 10 days after procedure.
Child: As potassium iodide: Infants from birth to 1 mth with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 centigrays (cGy): 16 mg. >1 mth to 3 yr with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 cGy: 32 mg. >3 yr to 18 yr (except adolescents approaching adult size) with a predicted thyroid exposure of ≥5 cGy: 65 mg. Do not exceed once-daily doses.
Reconstitution: 130-mg Tablet: Place 1 tablet in a small bowl and pulverise using a metal spoon. Add 20 ml of water to the powder and mix until the powder dissolves. Then add 20 ml of the selected drink and mix. Resulting concentration: 6.25 mg potassium iodide per 5 ml. 65-mg Tablet: Place 1 tablet in a small bowl and pulverise. Add 20 ml of water to the powder and mix until the powder dissolves. Then add 20 ml of the selected drink and mix. Resulting concentration: 8.125 mg potassium iodide per 5 ml.
Oral
Cutaneous or lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
Adult: As potassium iodide solution containing 1 g/mL: Initially, 1 mL tid, should continue for at least 1 mth after disappearance or stabilisation of the lesions.
Child: As potassium iodide: Initially, 250 mg (approx 5 drops of a solution containing 1 g/ml) tid. Max: 1.25-2 g (approx 25-40 drops) tid. Duration: 3-6 mth.
Reconstitution: Administer potassium iodide solution in a large quantity (240 ml) of water, fruit juice, milk formula or broth.
Oral
Iodine deficiency disorders
Adult: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): 400 mg iodine once yrly. Pregnant patient: 200 mg iodine as a single dose. Moderate to severe: 300-480 mg iodine each yr or 100-300 mg iodine every 6 mth and for at least 1 yr postpartum.
Child: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): Infants up to 1 yr: Single dose of 100 mg iodine; 1-5 yr: 200 mg iodine; >6 yr: 400 mg iodine.
Oral
Thyroid storm
Adult: As potassium iodide: Up to 500 mg every 4 hr.
Intramuscular
Iodine deficiency disorders
Adult: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): Up to 45 yr: 380 mg iodine, as single IM doses to provide adequate protection from iodine deficiency for up to 3 yr. Pregnant patient: Moderate to severe: 480 mg iodine each yr.
Child: As iodised oil (poppyseed/peanut/rapeseed oil containing about 38% w/w or 480 mg/ml of iodine): 380 mg iodine, as single IM doses to provide adequate protection from iodine deficiency for up to 3 yr. Infants up to 1 yr: 190 mg iodine, as iodised oil (480 mg/ml iodine).
Topical/Cutaneous
Minor, superficial skin wounds
Adult: As 2% or 2.5% solution/ointment: Apply small amount to the affected area 1-3 times daily.
Child: As 2% or 2.5% solution/ointment: Apply small amount to the affected area 1-3 times daily.
Topical/Cutaneous
Cleaning wet ulcers and wounds
Adult: As 0.9% topical gel: Apply to clean wound. Max: 50 g/application and 150 g/wk. Change dressing about 3 times/wk and reduce applications as exudate decreases. Do not use for >3 mth and stop treatment when wound is free of exudate.
Child: As 0.9% topical gel: Apply to clean wound. Max: 50 g/application and 150 g/wk. Change dressing about 3 times/wk and reduce applications as exudate decreases. Do not use for >3 mth and stop treatment when wound is free of exudate.
Iodine and iodides, whether applied topically or given systemically, can give rise to hypersensitivity reactions which may include urticaria, angioedema, cutaneous haemorrhage or purpuras, fever, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia.
Inhalation of iodine vapour is very irritating to mucous membranes.
Iodine and iodides have variable effects on the thyroid and can produce goitre and hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism (the Iod-Basedow or Jod-Basedow phenomenon). Goitre and hypothyroidism have also occurred in infants born to mothers who had taken iodides during pregnancy.
Prolonged use may lead to a range of adverse effects, often called ’iodism’, some of which may again be due to hypersensitivity. Adverse effects include metallic taste, increased salivation, burning or painful mouth; there may be acute rhinitis, coryza-like symptoms, and swelling and inflammation of the throat. Eyes may be irritated and swollen and there may be increased lachrymation. Pulmonary oedema, dyspnoea, and bronchitis may develop. Skin reactions include acneform or, more rarely, severe eruptions (iododerma). Other reported effects include depression, insomnia, impotence, headache, and gastrointestinal disturbances, notably nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
Iodine contraindications
Allergy to iodine,
- Class III patients with Okuda
- Extrahepatic metastases,
- Respiratory or renal insufficiencies severe
- Cons-indications for hepatic arteriography,
- Leukopenia below 1500/mm3 or thrombocytopenia less 50000/mm3,
- Pregnant woman: Iodine should not be administered to pregnant women. In women of childbearing age, suspicion of pregnancy must be excluded before the administration of Iodine. Contraception must be instituted and prosecuted in the administration at least a year.
- Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding should be stopped.
What is L-carnitine?
Levocarnitine is a naturally occurring substance that the body needs for energy.
Levocarnitine is used to treat carnitine deficiency.
Levocarnitine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
L-carnitine indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
1) Used to improve immunity in children and adult
Increase phagocytosis of granulocytes, increase stimulation of the T – lympfocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin and membrane activation of NK Cells ( Natural killer cells ) So, it has +ve influence on certain parameters of the immune system.
2) L-Carnitine has a significant increase effect in peripheral blood supply and capacity dilatation as a result, oxygen absorption rise especially during exercise.
2)Used in cases of B – thalassemia
L-carnitine stabilizes red blood cells and supplementation may decrease the need for blood transfusions.
3) Improve lung functions in chronic lung diseases
4) Used in fat loss management, chronic fatigue syndrome and athletic performance.
5) L- Carnitine Supplementation In Athletes
6) Research shows that people who supplement with L-carnitine while engaging in an exercise regimen are less likely to experience muscle soreness.5 However, the belief that carnitine
Uses of L-carnitine in details
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
How to use L-Carnitine (tartrate)
L-carnitine description
Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.
L-carnitine interactions
non specific
L-carnitine side effects
Applies to levocarnitine: capsule, powder, solution, tablet, wafer
In addition to its needed effects, some unwanted effects may be caused by levocarnitine (the active ingredient contained in L-Carnitine). In the event that any of these side effects do occur, they may require medical attention.
Severity: Moderate
If any of the following side effects occur while taking levocarnitine, check with your doctor or nurse as soon as possible:
More common:
High blood pressure
Less common:
Fast heartbeat
fever
Rare
Seizures
Minor Side Effects
Some of the side effects that can occur with levocarnitine may not need medical attention. As your body adjusts to the medicine during treatment these side effects may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects. If any of the following side effects continue, are bothersome or if you have any questions about them, check with your health care professional:
More common:
Abdominal or stomach cramps
diarrhea
headache
nausea or vomiting
Less common:
Abdominal discomfort
body odor
depression
dizziness
impaired vision
loss of appetite or weight
swelling in hands, lower legs, and feet
tingling sensation
weakness
L-carnitine contraindications
None known
Linoleic acid indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Hypoallergenic infant formula for routine feeding especially for babies w/ family history of atopy.
Linoleic acid dosage
Reconstitution: 131 g to 900 mL water.
What is Manganese?
Manganese supplements are used to prevent or treat manganese deficiency.
The body needs manganese for normal growth and health. For patients who are unable to get enough manganese in their regular diet or who have a need for more manganese, manganese supplements may be necessary. Manganese helps your body break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. It does so as part of several enzymes.
Manganese deficiency has not been reported in humans. Lack of manganese in animals has been found to cause improper formation of bone and cartilage, may decrease the body's ability to use sugar properly, and may cause growth problems.
Injectable manganese supplements are given by or under the supervision of a health care professional.
Manganese indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Manganese 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
Administration helps to maintain Manganese serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.
Uses of Manganese in details
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
Use: Labeled Indications
Trace element added to parenteral nutrition (PN) to prevent manganese deficiency; orally as a dietary supplement
Manganese description
Manganese is a transition metal with a molar mass of 54.94g/mol. Manganese is considered critical for human health, and plays important roles in development, metabolism, and the antioxidant system. That said, excessive manganese intake is associated with manganism, a neurodegenerative disorder that causes dopaminergic neuronal death and parkinsonian-like symptoms.
Manganese dosage
Dosage Forms
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Expert recommendations favor the use of lower doses in the range of 60 to 100 mcg/day to avoid neurotoxicity with routine use and those with cholestatic jaundice. However, these recommendations are difficult to follow with the current sources of parenteral manganese (ASPEN [Vanek 2012]).
Dosing: Geriatric
Refer to adult dosing.
Dosing: Pediatric
Parenteral nutrition, maintenance requirement:
IV: 2 to 10 mcg/kg/day
Expert recommendations suggest decreasing the daily dose for infants and children to 1 mcg/kg/day (up to a maximum of 50 mcg/day). However, these recommendations are difficult to follow with the current sources of parenteral manganese (ASPEN [Vanek 2012]).
Note: Use caution in premature neonates; manganese chloride solution for injection contains aluminum.
Manganese interactions
There are no known significant interactions.
Manganese side effects
None known.
Manganese contraindications
There are no contraindications listed within the manufacturer's US labeling.
Mg indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Daily supplementation of Mg.
Mg dosage
Adult & childn >6 yr 1 effervescent tab/day as recommended by doctors.
Mg interactions
Concommitant use w/ biphosponate (alendronate, etidronate, risedronate), quinolone (ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin,sparfloxacin, trofafloxacin), tetracyclines (doxycycline, monocycline, tetracycline) may reduce absorption of these drugs (bisphosphonate, quinolone, tetracycline). Increased Mg level in plasma w/ boron. Ca, Mg, Fe, Na alginate reduces the absorption of Mg. Inositol hexaphosphate suppresses the absorption of Mg. Indigestible oligosaccharide increases the absorption of Mg in the colon. Phosphate reduces the absorption of phosphate & Mg. Concomitant use w/ oxalic acid-rich food (spinach, potatoes, rhubarb, legumes) or phytate acid (legumes) reduces the absorption of Mg.
Hypersensitivity. Patients w/ kidney failure, AV block, unless the patients are using pacemaker.
Na indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Water & electrolytes replenishment in the following conditions: Dehydration in carbohydrate-depleted patients, disease due to unknown causes, pre- & post-op.
Na dosage
Adult 300-500 mL/hr (about 80-130 drops/min). Usual dose: 500-1,000 mL by IV drip infusion. Childn ≥3 yr or ≥15 kg 50-100 mL/hr.
Na side effects
Cerebral, pulmonary & peripheral edema; dilution acidosis, water intoxication in newborn & premature babies (large vol &/or ≥100 mL/hr infusion).
Na contraindications
Hypernatremia; comatose patients due to insulin.
What is Niacinamide?
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Treating acne.
Niacinamide is a vitamin B supplement. Exactly how Niacinamide works is unknown.
How should I use Niacinamide?
Use Niacinamide as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Wash the affected area with a mild cleanser or other cleansing product prescribed by your doctor and completely dry.
Apply a thin layer of the medicine to the affected area twice daily or as directed by your doctor. Gently rub the medicine in until it is evenly distributed.
Wash your hands immediately after using Niacinamide.
If you miss a dose of Niacinamide, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Niacinamide.
Uses of Niacinamide in details
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
To treat Hartnup disease (light sensitive skin rashes), inflammatory skin disease, vitamin deficiency, anxiety and Alzheimer’s disease (disorder that causes mental confusion and forgetfulness). It is also used in combination with intravenous vitamin C therapy for cancer.
Niacinamide description
Niacinamide, also called as nicotinamide (vitamin B3), is prescribed for the treatment of niacin deficiency disorders including pellagra. Niacinamide should not be used for treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Niacinamide dosage
Niacinamide Dosage
Applies to the following strengths: 100 mg; 500 mg
Usual Adult Dose for:
Niacin Deficiency
Pemphigus
Usual Pediatric Dose for:
Niacin Deficiency
Pemphigus
Additional dosage information:
Renal Dose Adjustments
Liver Dose Adjustments
Dialysis
Other Comments
Usual Adult Dose for Niacin Deficiency
Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):
Males: 19 mg orally each day
Females: 13 mg orally each day
Initial dose: 100 mg orally 3 times a day, with or after meals
Maintenance dose: 100 to 500 mg orally up to 3 times a day, with or after meals
Niacinamide has toxic potential at adult doses in excess of 3 g/day.
Niacinamide may also be administered parenterally as a component of injectable multivitamin additives contained in parenteral nutrition products. All existing parenteral vitamin products for adults contain 40 mg/vial, which is the dose recommended by the American Medical Association/Nutrition Advisory Group for patients 11 years and older requiring parenteral vitamins.
Usual Adult Dose for Pemphigus
Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):
Males: 19 mg orally each day
Females: 13 mg orally each day
Initial dose: 100 mg orally 3 times a day, with or after meals
Maintenance dose: 100 to 500 mg orally up to 3 times a day, with or after meals
Niacinamide has toxic potential at adult doses in excess of 3 g/day.
Niacinamide may also be administered parenterally as a component of injectable multivitamin additives contained in parenteral nutrition products. All existing parenteral vitamin products for adults contain 40 mg/vial, which is the dose recommended by the American Medical Association/Nutrition Advisory Group for patients 11 years and older requiring parenteral vitamins.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Niacin Deficiency
Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):
0 to 6 months: 5 mg orally each day
6 months to 1 year: 6 mg orally each day
1 to 3 years: 9 mg orally each day
4 to 6 years: 12 mg orally each day
7 to 10 years: 13 mg orally each day
Males:
11 to 14 years: 17 mg orally each day
15 to 18 years: 20 mg orally each day
19 to 50 years: 19 mg orally each day
Females:
11 to 50 years: 13 mg orally each day
Niacinamide may also be administered parenterally as a component of injectable multivitamin additives contained in parenteral nutrition products. All existing parenteral vitamin products for children contain 17 mg/vial, which is the dose recommended by the American Medical Association/Nutrition Advisory Group for patients under 11 years of age.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Pemphigus
Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):
0 to 6 months: 5 mg orally each day
6 months to 1 year: 6 mg orally each day
1 to 3 years: 9 mg orally each day
4 to 6 years: 12 mg orally each day
7 to 10 years: 13 mg orally each day
Males:
11 to 14 years: 17 mg orally each day
15 to 18 years: 20 mg orally each day
19 to 50 years: 19 mg orally each day
Females:
11 to 50 years: 13 mg orally each day
Niacinamide may also be administered parenterally as a component of injectable multivitamin additives contained in parenteral nutrition products. All existing parenteral vitamin products for children contain 17 mg/vial, which is the dose recommended by the American Medical Association/Nutrition Advisory Group for patients under 11 years of age.
Renal Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Liver Dose Adjustments
Because niacinamide is primarily metabolized by the liver and because of the risk of hepatotoxicity, niacinamide in not recommended in patients with liver dysfunction.
Dialysis
Data not available
Other Comments
Taking niacinamide with food may reduce stomach upset.
Niacinamide should not be taken with hot drinks.
Further information
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Diarrhea; dizziness; headache; itching; nausea; stomach upset; temporary feeling of warmth or flushing of the skin.
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur while taking niacinamide:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black, tarry, or bloody stools; changes in vision; dark urine; decreased urination; fast or irregular heartbeat; loss of appetite; muscle pain or weakness; numbness or persistent tingling of the skin; persistent nausea, vomiting, or general "unwell" feeling; severe or prolonged flushing of the skin; stomach pain; swelling of the hands, legs, or feet; vomit that looks like coffee grounds; yellowing of the skin or eyes.
What is the most important information I should know about Niacinamide?
Niacinamide is for external use only. Avoid getting Niacinamide in your eyes. If you get Niacinamide in your eyes, rinse thoroughly with cool tap water.
Follow up with your doctor after 8 to 12 weeks to monitor your progress.
Do not use any other medicines or special cleansers on your skin unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Makeup and other acne medicines may be applied over Niacinamide as directed by your doctor.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Niacinamide while you are pregnant. It is not known if Niacinamide is found in breast milk after topical use. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Niacinamide, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.
What is Pantothenic acid?
Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in only small amounts and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) is needed for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
No problems have been found that are due to a lack of pantothenic acid alone. However, a lack of one B vitamin usually goes along with a lack of others, so pantothenic acid is often included in B complex products.
Claims that pantothenic acid is effective for treatment of nerve damage, breathing problems, itching and other skin problems, and poisoning with some other drugs; for getting rid of or preventing gray hair; for preventing arthritis, allergies, and birth defects; or for improving mental ability have not been proven.
This vitamin is available without a prescription.
Pantothenic acid indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Oral
Pantothenic acid deficiency
Adult: Recommended daily dose: 4-7 mg/day.
How should I use Pantothenic acid?
Use pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) may be taken with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, take with food to reduce stomach irritation.
Take pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) with a glass of water or other liquid.
If you miss taking a dose of pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) for 1 or more days, there is no cause for concern. If your doctor recommended that you take it, try to remember your dose every day.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use pantothenic acid (vitamin b5).
Uses of Pantothenic acid in details
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
What is the most important information I should know about Pantothenic acid?
Do not take large doses of vitamins (megadoses or megavitamin therapy) while taking pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) unless directed to by your doctor.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant while taking pantothenic acid (vitamin b5), discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) during pregnancy. Pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) is excreted in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using pantothenic acid (vitamin b5), check with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss the risks to your baby.
Protein indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Nestlé Protein can be used as a full liquid diet or liquid supplement. It can be fed orally or by tubes (eg, nasogastric, nasoduodenal and nasojejunal feeding tubes) for paediatric patients with GI compromise eg, patients with critical illness eg, trauma, surgery, burns, GI surgery, pancreatitis, protein-energy malnutrition, hypoalbuminaemia, chronic diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, HIV/AIDS, cystic fibrosis, Crohn's disease, elevated gastric residuals, oncology and radiation enteritis. Many paediatric patients experience malabsorption, diarrhea, GI tract atrophy and organ dysfunction. Enteral diets containing peptides have been associated with better protein absorption, nitrogen retention and utilization, and better maintenance of the GI integrity, and better GI tolerance when compared with free amino acid or intact protein diets.
Protein description
Nestlé Protein is a nutritionally complete oral supplement specially formulated for older adults to help support immune function and recovery. Protein contains high quality protein, a heart-healthy fat blend and a moderate level of carbohydrates. It contains prebiotic fibers, probiotics and high amounts of specific micronutrients (vitamin E, folate, vitamin B6) which have been shown to have beneficial effects on gut microflora and/or immune function.
Nestlé Protein is a nutritionally complete, isocaloric (1 kCal/mL) and balanced enteral diet food replacement or food supplement which meets 100% of US RDAs for all essential vitamins, minerals and protein in only 2000 kCal.
Nestlé Protein is a nutritionally complete, balanced and isotonic diet intended for both enteral tube feeding and oral supplementation for patients requiring enteral nutrition support. Nestlé Protein provides total nutritional need for short- or long-term feeding of patients with normal or near normal gastrointestinal function, for the prevention and correction of malnutrition.
Special Characteristics: The unique blend of protein in Nestlé Protein (50% whey protein and 50% casein) is high in nutritional value and easily digested and well tolerated.
Protein source is 50% whey protein which enhances tolerance for patients with delayed gastric emptying due to their disease process (neurologically-impaired and diabetics), and reduce the risk of aspiration.
Essential amino acid requirements are fulfilled with this protein source and this blend has a high biological value with a chemical score of >100% of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) standard (1997).
Nestlé Protein meets 100% of US RDAs for all essential vitamins, minerals and protein in only 1500 kCal which is important for patients with limited mobility and reduced energy requirements eg, the elderly or those with strokes.
Two thousand (2000) mL of Nestlé Protein contains protein 80 g (16% of total calories) which enhances healing and anabolism of patients.
Nestlé Protein provides a heart-healthy blend of fatty acids; it is low in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids and cholesterol, high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and has a low ω-6:ω-3 ratio (5.4:1). Fat profile which meets the American Heart Association (2006) and American Diabetes Association (2008) guidelines.
Nestlé Protein contains complex carbohydrate at the moderate level [maltodextrin, sucrose, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin (fiber)] which helps in reducing risk of hyperglycemia and contributes to the low osmolality of Protein.
Protein contains Prebio 1, a fiber blend compromised of FOS 70% and inulin 30%.
FOS and inulin fibers have been reported to increase fecal bifidobacteria counts, support bowel regularity and reduce inflammation.
Protein contains the probiotic 1 billion cfu/500 kCal Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 (ST11) which has been found to survive the gastrointestinal tract. It has positive effects on immune function, and also appears to protect against bacterial-related diarrhea.
Protein provides supplemental vitamin E. Supplementation with vitamin E ≥60 mg/day appears to have a positive immune benefit in elderly individuals.
Isotonic osmolality of water 340 mOsmol/kg (osmolarity is 300 mOsmol/L) allows Nestlé Protein to be initiated at full strength and eliminates the risk of osmotic diarrhea and high osmotic intolerance.
Nestlé Protein provides appropriate level of all essential vitamins and minerals for the nutritionally-compromised tube- and oral-fed patients, including additional amounts of vitamins A, D, Protein, biotin.
Nestlé Protein added ultra trace minerals to assure optimum nutrition, particularly for those individuals on extended feeding. It provides additional levels of calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, Protein, potassium, chromium, molybdenum and selenium.
Protein contains the artificial sweetening agent acesulfame potassium (28 mg/55 g serving) and nature-identical vanilla flavour.
Nestlé Protein is easy to dissolve and mix and thus, can be reconstituted at higher caloric densities, 1.5 kCal/mL and 2 kCal/mL. This provides a reliable technique for the clinician to meet the fluid-restricted or volume-sensitive patient's energy requirements in a limited volume. It minimizes preparation time and reduces risk of clogging tubes.
To maintain the probiotic activity, ensure water temperature has cooled down to 45°C or below before adding the powder.
Nestlé Protein contains only readily digested nutrients to assure a minimum residue.
Cholesterol-Free: Minimizes hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis.
Lactose-Free: Minimizes diarrhea and other side effects of lactose intolerance.
Gluten-free.
See Tables 1 and 2.
Protein dosage
To prepare a 230-mL feeding, put 195 mL of cooled or cold water in a glass. Gradually add 6 level scoops (scoop enclosed) or 53.5 g of powder, while stirring and mix until dissolved. When mixed as directed, Protein provides approximately 1 calorie/mL. A 1-kg can of powder yields approximately 18½ of 230-mL servings.
1 Serving size: 230 calories/230 mL when mixed as directed.
Tube Feeding or Sole Source of Nutrition: Follow physician's or dietitian's directions. When starting tube feeding, the flow rate, volume and dilution are dependent on patient's condition and tolerance. Care should be taken to avoid contamination of Protein during preparation and administration.
Protein contraindications
Intolerance to any of the ingredients of Protein.
Taurine indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Health food supplement to promote psychomotor development among infants and toddlers. To improve mental functioning and enhance memory of children. The child's partner in learning.
Taurine description
Each 5 mL of syrup contains pure taurine 50 mg.
Each mL of infant drops contains pure taurine 50 mg, an amount comparable to that found in 1 L of human breast milk.
Taurine dosage
Syrup:Children 7-12 years: 5-10 mL (1-2 tsp); 2-6 years: 5 mL (1 tsp). All doses to be taken once a day.
Oral Drops:
Infants up to 2 years: 1 mL once a day. Taurine drops may be mixed with milk, fruit juices or other liquids, cereals or other foods.
Taurine contraindications
Hypersensitivity.
Vit A indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Multivit & lysine supplement for active growth, increased appetite, wt gain, enhanced body resistance to stress & infection.
Vit A dosage
Childn 7-12 yr 15 mL, 3-6 yr 10 mL, 1-2 yr 5 mL. To be taken once daily.
Vit A interactions
Vit E increases absorption of vit A. Inhibits absorption & function of vit K w/ high doses of vit E. Reduced effects of vit E w/ Fe prep. Reduced absorption of vit A & E w/ cholestyramine & liqd paraffin.
Vit A side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea.
Vit A contraindications
Hypersensitivity. Large doses (>1 g daily) of vit C in patients w/ G6PD deficiency. History of renal calculi, hyperoxaluria, oxalate dysbolism & thalassemia. Patients w/ vit A redundancy.
Vit B12 indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
calcium deficiency, tetanus
Vit C indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
For systemic use of Vit C: prevention and treatment of hypo- and avitaminosis of vitamin C; providing increased need for vitamin C during growth, pregnancy, lactation, with heavy loads, fatigue and during recovery after prolonged severe illness; in winter with an increased risk of infectious diseases.
For intravaginal use: chronic or recurrent vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific vaginitis) caused by the anaerobic flora (due to changes in pH of the vagina) in order to normalize disturbed vaginal microflora.
Vit C description
Each teaspoonful (5 mL) of syrup contains vitamin C 83.33 mg, vitamin B1 8.33 mg, vitamin B6 1.67 mg, vitamin B12 8.33 mcg, riboflavin 4.16 mg, Vit C 8.33 mg, dl-panthenol 3.33 mg, vitamin A 1500 units and vitamin D 100 units.
Vit C dosage
This medication administered orally, IM, IV, intravaginally.
For the prevention of deficiency conditions Vit C dose is 25-75 mg / day, for the treatment - 250 mg / day or more in divided doses.
For intravaginal used ascorbic acid drugs in appropriate dosage forms.
Vit C interactions
In an application with barbiturates, primidone increases the excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.
With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives reduces the concentration of ascorbic acid in blood plasma.
In an application of Vit C with iron preparations ascorbic acid, due to its regenerative properties, transforms ferric iron in the bivalent, which improves its absorption.
Ascorbic acid in high doses can decrease urine pH that while the application reduces the tubular reabsorption of amphetamine and tricyclic antidepressants.
With the simultaneous use of aspirin reduces the absorption of ascorbic acid by about a third.
Vit C in an application with warfarin may decrease effects of warfarin.
With the simultaneous application of ascorbic acid increases the excretion of iron in patients receiving deferoxamine. In the application of ascorbic acid at a dose of 500 mg / day possibly left ventricular dysfunction.
In an application with tetracycline is increased excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.
There is a described case of reducing the concentration of fluphenazine in plasma in patients treated with ascorbic acid 500 mg 2 times / day.
May increase the concentration of ethinyl estradiol in the blood plasma in its simultaneous application in the oral contraceptives.
Vit C side effects
CNS: headache, fatigue, insomnia.
Digestive system: stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting.
Allergic reaction: describes a few cases of skin reactions and manifestations of the respiratory system.
Urinary system: when used in high doses - hyperoxaluria and the formation of kidney stones of calcium oxalate.
Local reactions: with intravaginal application - a burning or itching in the vagina, increased mucous discharge, redness, swelling of the vulva. Other: sensation of heat.
Vit C contraindications
Increased sensitivity to ascorbic acid.
Vit D3 indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Relieves pain & inflammation of joints; inhibits enzyme that cause cartilage damage; helps boost collagen production & formation of protective layer of joints.
Vit D3 dosage
Adult 1 tab daily.
Vit D3 interactions
Concomitant use w/ digoxin or any cardiac glycosides. Hypercalcemia may occur w/ thiazides.
Vit D3 contraindications
Hypercalcemia & vit D toxicity. Pregnancy & lactation.
Vit E indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Vitamin deficiencies, conditions of convalescence after a disease occurring with a feverish syndrome, high physical activity, older age, disease ligamentous system and muscles. Climacteric autonomic disorders. Neurasthenia with fatigue, asthenia neurasthenic syndrome, primary muscular dystrophy, posttraumatic, postinfectious secondary myopathy. Degenerative and proliferative changes in the joints and ligamentous apparatus spine and large joints.
Vit E description
Each softgel capsule contains vitamin E 400 IU.
It also contains the following excipients: Soybean oil, gelatin, ethyl vanillin, methyl- and propylparaben.
Vit E dosage
Adults: One soft cap daily.
Cystic Fibrosis: 100-200 mg of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate or about 67-135 mg of dl-α-tocopherol.
Abetalipoproteinaemia: 50-100 mg of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg body weight or about 33-67 mg of dl-α-tocopherol/kg.
Vit E interactions
Vitamin E increases the absorption, intake and storage of vitamin A, and may protect against the vitamin A redundancy disease. However these effects have not been established yet.
The use of vitamin E dosages >10 IU/kg body weight may slow response to the iron therapy in children suffering from iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin E deficiency in children treated with iron supplements may result to hemolytic anemia. Vitamin E and its metabolites may protect against the action of vitamin K. Patients who take oral anticoagulants have risk of hemorrhage after taking the large dose of vitamin E. In healthy volunteers, vitamin E did not change the blood clotting process.
Excessive use of mineral oil may decrease the vitamin E absorption.
Vit E side effects
Vitamin E is usually well tolerated. Large doses of vitamin E may cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, other gastrointestinal disturbances, and have also been reported to cause fatigue and weakness.
Vit E contraindications
Hypersensitivity to vitamin E or to any of the components of Vit E.
Zn indications
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
Zn supplement.
Zn dosage
1 tab daily.
Active ingredient matches for Ca/Carbohydrate/choline/Cl/copper/fat/Fe/folic acid/inositol/iodine/K/L- glutamine/L-carnitine/linoleic acid/manganese/Mg/Na/niacinamide/pantothenic acid/phosphorus/protein/taurine/vit A/vit B1/vit B12/vit B2/vit B6/vit C/vit D3/vit E/vit H/vit K1/Zn/α-linolenic acid:
DailyMed. "PANTOTHENIC ACID: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEXPANTHENOL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; FOLIC ACID; NIACINAMIDE; PHYTONADIONE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN 5'-PHOSPHATE SODIUM; THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN E: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "LEVOCARNITINE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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