Actions of Beclometasone Topical (Candiderma PLUS) in details
The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Beclometasone belongs to a class of medications called as corticosteroids. It works by preventing release of certain chemicals from the immune cells responsible for causing dryness, itching, oozing, and crusting of skin, thereby relieving the swelling and irritation.
How should I take Beclometasone Topical (Candiderma PLUS)?
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain beclomethasone. It may not be specific to Beclometasone Topical (Candiderma PLUS). Please read with care.
Use this medicine only as directed. Do not use more of it and do not use it more often than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.
This medicine comes with a patient information leaflet. Read and follow these instructions carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.
This medicine is only used in the nose. Do not get it in your eyes or on your skin. If it does get on these areas, rinse it off right away and call your doctor.
To use the spray:
When you use the medicine for the first time or if you have not used this medicine for 7 days in a row, you must prime the spray. Press down fully on the top of the canister four times or until a fine spray comes out.
After you prime the nasal spray, there will only be 120 doses or sprays.
Gently blow your nose before using the spray. Tilt your head back slightly and insert the tip of the nose piece into your nostril.
Close the opposite nostril with a finger. Release 1 spray and at the same time, breathe in gently through the nostril.
Hold your breath for a few seconds then breathe out slowly through your mouth.
Spray the opposite nostril using the same steps.
Do not blow your nose after using the spray.
Wipe the tip of the outside of the nose piece with a clean, dry tissue or cloth and put the cap back on.
Do not remove the canister from the actuator. Qnasl™ nasal aerosol canister should only be used with the Qnasl™ nasal aerosol actuator.
Throw this medicine away after you use 120 sprays or when the dose indicator read zero "0".
Dosing
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For nasal dosage form (spray):
For treatment of allergic rhinitis:
Adults and children 12 years of age and older—2 sprays in each nostril once a day. Each spray contains 80 micrograms (mcg).
Adults and children 4 to 11 years of age—1 spray in each nostril once a day.
Children younger than 4 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage
Store the canister at room temperature, away from heat and direct light. Do not freeze. Do not keep this medicine inside a car where it could be exposed to extreme heat or cold. Do not poke holes in the canister or throw it into a fire, even if the canister is empty.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
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Use exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
This medication comes with patient instructions for safe use, and directions for priming and disposal of the nasal spray. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.
The usual dose of Beclometasone Topical (Candiderma PLUS) is 1 to 2 sprays into each nostril once per day. Follow your doctor's instructions. Shake the Beclometasone Topical (Candiderma PLUS) bottle well just before each use.
The usual dose of Qnasl is 2 sprays into each nostril once per day. Follow your doctor's instructions.
It may take up to 2 weeks before your symptoms improve. Keep using the medication as directed and tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 1 week of treatment.
To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects on your nose or sinuses, your doctor may want to check your progress on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
Store in an upright position at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
Throw away the Beclometasone Topical (Candiderma PLUS) nasal spray after you have used 180 sprays, even if there is still medicine left in the bottle.
Throw away the Qnasl nasal spray after you have used 120 sprays, or if the dose indicator shows a zero.
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
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Beclomethasone 17,21-dipropionate is a diester of beclomethasone, a synthetic halogenated corticosteroid. Animal studies show that beclomethasone dipropionate has potent glucocorticoid and weak mineralocorticoid activity.
The mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of beclomethasone dipropionate are unknown. The precise mechanism of the aerosolized drug's action in the nose is also unknown. Biopsies of nasal mucosa obtained during clinical studies showed no histopathologic changes when beclomethasone dipropionate was administered intranasally. The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function have been evaluated in adult volunteers by other routes of administration. Studies with beclomethasone dipropionate by the intranasal route which may demonstrate that there is more or that there is less absorption by this route of administration. There was no suppression of early morning plasma cortisol concentrations when beclomethasone dipropionate was administered in a dose of 1000 mcg per day for 1 month as an oral aerosol or for 3 days by IM injection. However, partial suppression of plasma cortisol concentration was observed when beclomethasone dipropionate was administered in doses of 2000 mcg per day either by oral aerosol or intramuscular injection form. Immediate suppression of plasma cortisol concentrations was observed after single doses of 4000 mcg of beclomethasone dipropionate. Suppression of HPA function (reduced early morning plasma cortisol levels) has been reported in adult patients who received 1600-mcg daily doses of oral beclomethasone dipropionate for 1 month. In clinical studies using beclomethasone dipropionate intranasally, there was no evidence of adrenal insufficiency.
The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray on HPA function was not evaluated but would not be expected to differ from intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol.
In one study in asthmatic children, the administration of inhaled beclomethasone at recommended daily doses for at least 1 year was associated with a reduction in nocturnal cortisol secretion. The clinical significance of this finding is not clear. It reinforces other evidence, however, that topical beclomethasone may be absorbed in amounts that can have systemic effects and that physicians should be alert for evidence of systemic effects, especially in chronically treated patients.
Beclomethasone dipropionate is sparingly soluble. When given by nasal inhalation in the form of an aqueous or aerosolized suspension, the drug is deposited primarily in the nasal passages. A portion of the drug is swallowed. Absorption occurs rapidly from all respiratory and gastrointestinal tissues. There is no evidence of tissue storage of beclomethasone dipropionate or its metabolites. In vitro studies have shown that tissue other than the liver (lung slices) can rapidly metabolize beclomethasone dipropionate to beclomethasone 17- monopropionate and more slowly to free becloethasone (which has very weak anti-inflammatory activity). However, irrespective of the route of entry, the principal route of excretion of the drug and its metabolites is the feces. In humans, 12% to 15% of an orally administered dose of beclomethasone dipropionate is excreted in the urine as both conjugated and free metabolites of the drug.
Studies have shown that the degree of binding to plasma proteins is 87%.
Actions of Clotrimazole Topical (Candiderma PLUS) in details
The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Clotrimazole Topical (Candiderma PLUS) is an antifungal agent of imidazole derivatives group for topical use. This medication has an effect at the expense of the synthesis of ergosterol, which is part of the cell membrane of fungi. Clotrimazole has a broad spectrum of action.
Clotrimazole Topical (Candiderma PLUS) is active against dermatophytes, molds, fungi of the genus Candida, Malassezia furfur.
This drug is also active against Corynebacterium minutissimum, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Trichomonas vaginalis.
How should I take Clotrimazole Topical (Candiderma PLUS)?
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain clotrimazole. It may not be specific to Clotrimazole Topical (Candiderma PLUS). Please read with care.
Apply enough clotrimazole to cover the affected and surrounding skin areas, and rub in gently.
Keep this medicine away from the eyes.
When clotrimazole is used to treat certain types of fungus infections of the skin, an occlusive dressing (airtight covering, such as kitchen plastic wrap) should not be applied over the medicine. To do so may cause irritation of the skin. Do not apply an occlusive dressing over this medicine unless you have been directed to do so by your doctor.
To help clear up your infection completely, it is very important that you keep using this medicine for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms begin to clear up after a few days. Since fungus infections may be very slow to clear up, you may have to continue using this medicine every day for several weeks or more. If you stop using this medicine too soon, your symptoms may return. Do not miss any doses.
Dosing
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For topical dosage forms (cream, lotion, and solution):
Fungal infections (treatment):
Adults and children—Use two times a day, morning and evening.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
Use clotrimazole vaginal exactly as directed by your doctor, or follow the directions that accompany the package. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
Wash your hands before and after using this medication.
Insert the tablet, suppository, or cream into the vagina using the applicator as directed.
Use this medication continuously for the prescribed amount of time, even during your menstrual period.
You can use a sanitary napkin to prevent the medication from staining your clothing but do not use a tampon.
If the infection does not clear up after you have finished one course of therapy, or if it appears to get worse, see your doctor. You may have another type of infection.
Avoid getting this medication in your eyes, nose, or mouth.
Store clotrimazole vaginal at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
Clotrimazole Topical (Candiderma PLUS) interacts with yeast 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol, an essential component of the membrane. In this way, clotrimazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis, resulting in increased cellular permeability. Clotrimazole Topical (Candiderma PLUS) may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms and the uptake of purine, impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis, and inhibit the movement of calcium and potassium ions across the cell membrane by blocking the ion transport pathway known as the Gardos channel.
Actions of Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) in details
The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) belongs to the class of medications called as antibiotics. It prevents the bacterial growth by stopping the production of essential protein in the bacterial cells, thereby relieving the associated symptoms.
How should I take Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS)?
If you are using Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) without a prescription, do not use it to treat deep wounds, puncture wounds, serious burns, or raw areas without first checking with your health care professional.
Do not use Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) in the eyes.
Before applying Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS), wash the affected area with soap and water, and dry thoroughly.
For patients using the cream form of Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS):
Apply a generous amount of cream to the affected area, and rub in gently until the cream disappears.
For patients using the ointment form of Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS):
Apply a generous amount of ointment to the affected area, and rub in gently.
After Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) is applied, the treated area may be covered with a gauze dressing if desired.
To help clear up your infection completely, keep using Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms have disappeared. Do not miss any doses.
Dosing
The dose of Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS). If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For topical dosage forms (cream or ointment):
For minor bacterial skin infections:
Adults and children—Apply to the affected area(s) of the skin one to three times a day.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS), apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) administration
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
Never take Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) in larger amounts than recommended, or for longer than 2 weeks. High doses or long-term use of Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) can cause serious kidney problems, or hearing loss that may not be reversible. The longer you take Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS), the more likely you are to develop these serious side effects. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Take this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your kidney function, and your nerve and muscle function will need to be tested often. You may also need hearing tests. Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) can have long lasting effects on your body. Do not miss any follow up visits to your doctor for blood or urine tests.
If you are taking Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) for hepatic coma, your treatment may also include a special diet. It is very important to follow the diet plan created for you by your doctor. You should become very familiar with the list of foods you should avoid to help control your condition.
If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS). Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) can interact with certain medicines that may be given during surgery.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not allow the liquid form of this medicine to freeze.
Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
Aminoglycosides like Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically Neomycin Topical (Candiderma PLUS) binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.
References
DailyMed. "HYDROCORTISONE; NEOMYCIN SULFATE; POLYMYXIN B SULFATE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE; CLOTRIMAZOLE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
NCIt. "Framycetin Sulfate: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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