What happens if I overdose Chlornicol?
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.
Proper storage of Chlornicol:
Chlornicol is usually handled and stored by a health care provider. If you are using Chlornicol at home, store Chlornicol as directed by your pharmacist or health care provider. Keep Chlornicol out of the reach of children and away from pets.
Overdose of Chlornicol in details
No information available.
Chlornicol warnings
In severe infections topical use of Chlornicol should be supplemented with appropriate systemic treatment.
Aplastic anaemia has, very rarely, followed topical use of Chlornicol eye drops and, whilst this hazard is an uncommon one, it should be borne in mind when the benefits of the use of Chlornicol are assessed.
Prolonged use should be avoided as it may increase the likelihood of sensitisation and the emergence of resistant organisms.
Chlornicol should be reserved for use only in infections for which it is specifically indicated.
Contact lenses should be removed during the period of treatment.
Systemic absorption may be reduced by compressing the lacrimal sac at the medial canthus for a minute during and following the instillation of the drops. (This blocks the passage of the drops via the naso lacrimal duct to the wide absorptive area of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa. It is especially advisable in children.)
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Chlornicol?
For all patients taking Chlornicol (ophthalmic):
- If you are allergic to Chlornicol (ophthalmic); any part of Chlornicol (ophthalmic); or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.
- If you or a family member have ever had any of these health problems: Blood or bone marrow problems like aplastic anemia.
- If Chlornicol (ophthalmic) has caused anemia, low platelet count, or low white blood cell count before.
- If you are taking any drugs that can stop your bone marrow from making some of the cells that your body needs. There are many drugs that can do this. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.
- If you are pregnant.
- If you are breast-feeding or plan to breast-feed.
Children:
- If your child is a newborn. Some brands of Chlornicol (ophthalmic) are not for use in newborns.
This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with Chlornicol (ophthalmic).
Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take Chlornicol (ophthalmic) with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.
Chlornicol precautions
General
The prolonged use of antibiotics may occasionally result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi. If new infections appear during medication or clinical improvement is not observed within 1 week, the drug should be discontinued and appropriate measures should be taken.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
No long-term studies have been conducted in animals or in humans to evaluate the carcinogenic potential or effects on fertility with Chlornicol. However, there is some clinical evidence that aplastic anemia due to Chlornicol may be associated with subsequent development of leukemia.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category C. Chlornicol has been shown to be embryocidal and teratogenic in rat, mouse, rabbit and chicken embryos/fetuses. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Chlornicol has been shown to cross the placental barrier, but it is not known whether Chlornicol can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Chlornicol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Embryotoxic effects : Significantly lower numbers of live fetuses and an increase in the number of early embryonic resorptions occurred after pregnant rats were treated orally with 500 mg/kg (equivalent to 5800 times the recommended maximum daily adult topical ophthalmic dose) from days 5 to 15 of their pregnancy. Similar findings were seen with groups receiving higher oral doses (1000 mg/kg or 2000 mg/kg) at various dosing intervals. Female mice receiving 1000 mg/kg orally from days 6 to 12 of their pregnancy showed a significant increase in the number of resorptions. Female rabbits receiving the same oral dosing (1000 mg/kg) from days 8 to 11 had an increase in the number of resorptions of embryos without placentation. Chlornicol (2.5 mg) injected into chicken eggs resulted in a 20% embryo mortality rate one day after administration, which increased to 100% embryo mortality on the 11th day of incubation.
Teratogenicity : When given to female orally at 2000 mg/kg from days 6 to 8 of pregnancy, 36% of the fetuses exhibited either an omphalocele or an umbilical hernia, with costal fusions. Fetuses of the rats treated with 1000 mg/kg orally from days 7 to 12 of pregnancy or 2000 mg/kg from days 11 to 13, and of mice treated with 1000 mg/kg from days 6 to 12, had a higher incidence of missing ossification of the phalangeal nuclei of the forelegs and hindlegs; and of the 5th stemebra. This correlated with a decrease in the average weight of the fetuses. Rabbit fetuses displayed more frequent absence of the phalangeal nuclei of the forelegs than control when pregnant rabbits received 500 mg/kg orally on days 6 to 15 of pregnancy, More frequent missing ossification of the phalangeal nuclei of the forelegs and hindlegs and an increase in the number of unevenly ossified vertebrae was seen in the fetuses of rabbits when pregnant females were given 1000 mg/kg from days 6 to 9 of pregnancy.
Teratogenic effects of Chlornicol (0.5 mg when injected into chicken eggs, included malformations of the beak, eyes and legs.
Nursing Mothers
Chlornicol appears in human milk following oral administration of the drug. Systemic absorption of Chlornicol may occur when applied topically. Because of the potential for serious, adverse reactions in nursing infants from Chlornicol, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Pediatric Use
The safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below 1 year of age have not been established.
Geriatric Use
No overall difference in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger, adult patients.
References
- DailyMed. "CHLORAMPHENICOL: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- DrugBank. "chloramphenicol". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00446 (accessed September 17, 2018).
- MeSH. "Protein Synthesis Inhibitors". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology
