The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Aminoglycosides like Neomycin (Cidermex) "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically Neomycin (Cidermex) binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.
How should I take Neomycin (Cidermex)?
Never take Neomycin (Cidermex) in larger amounts than recommended, or for longer than 2 weeks. High doses or long-term use of Neomycin (Cidermex) can cause serious kidney problems, or hearing loss that may not be reversible. The longer you take Neomycin (Cidermex), the more likely you are to develop these serious side effects. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Take this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Neomycin (Cidermex) will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your kidney function, and your nerve and muscle function will need to be tested often. You may also need hearing tests. Neomycin (Cidermex) can have long lasting effects on your body. Do not miss any follow up visits to your doctor for blood or urine tests.
If you are taking Neomycin (Cidermex) for hepatic coma, your treatment may also include a special diet. It is very important to follow the diet plan created for you by your doctor. You should become very familiar with the list of foods you should avoid to help control your condition.
If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using Neomycin (Cidermex). Neomycin (Cidermex) can interact with certain medicines that may be given during surgery.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not allow the liquid form of this medicine to freeze.
Neomycin (Cidermex) administration
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
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Never take Neomycin (Cidermex) in larger amounts than recommended, or for longer than 2 weeks. High doses or long-term use of Neomycin (Cidermex) can cause serious kidney problems, or hearing loss that may not be reversible. The longer you take Neomycin (Cidermex), the more likely you are to develop these serious side effects. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Take this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Neomycin (Cidermex) will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your kidney function, and your nerve and muscle function will need to be tested often. You may also need hearing tests. Neomycin (Cidermex) can have long lasting effects on your body. Do not miss any follow up visits to your doctor for blood or urine tests.
If you are taking Neomycin (Cidermex) for hepatic coma, your treatment may also include a special diet. It is very important to follow the diet plan created for you by your doctor. You should become very familiar with the list of foods you should avoid to help control your condition.
If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using Neomycin (Cidermex). Neomycin (Cidermex) can interact with certain medicines that may be given during surgery.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not allow the liquid form of this medicine to freeze.
Neomycin (Cidermex) pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
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Neomycin (Cidermex) is poorly absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract. The small absorbed fraction is rapidly distributed in the tissues and is excreted by the kidney in keeping with the degree of kidney function. The unabsorbed portion of the drug (approximately 97%) is eliminated unchanged in the feces.
Growth of most intestinal bacteria is rapidly suppressed following oral administration of Neomycin (Cidermex), with the suppression persisting for 48 to 72 hours. Nonpathogenic yeasts and occasionally resistant strains of Enterobacter aerogenes (formerly Aerobacter aerogenes) replace the intestinal bacteria.
As with other aminoglycosides, the amount of systemically absorbed Neomycin (Cidermex) transferred to the tissues increases cumulatively with each repeated dose administered until a steady state is achieved. The kidney functions as the primary excretory path as well as the tissue binding site, with the highest concentration found in the renal cortex. With repeated dosings, progressive accumulation also occurs in the inner ear. Release of tissue-bound Neomycin (Cidermex) occurs slowly over a period of several weeks after dosing has been discontinued.
Protein binding studies have shown that the degree of aminoglycoside protein binding is low and, depending upon the methods used for testing, this may be between 0% and 30%.
Microbiology
In vitro tests have demonstrated that Neomycin (Cidermex) is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of protein in susceptible bacterial cells. It is effective primarily against gram-negative bacilli but does have some activity against gram-positive organisms. Neomycin (Cidermex) is active in vitro against Escherichia coli and the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group. Neomycin (Cidermex) is not active against anaerobic bowel flora.
If susceptibility testing is needed, using a 30 mcg disc, organisms producing zones of 16 mm or greater are considered susceptible. Resistant organisms produce zones of 13 mm or less. Zones greater than 13 mm and less than 16 mm indicate intermediate susceptibility.
Actions of Triamcinolone (Cidermex) in details
The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone), which also have salt-retaining properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. Their synthetic analogs such as prednisolone and triamcinolone are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems.
Triamcinolone acetonide possesses glucocorticoid activity typical of this class of drug, but with little or no mineralocorticoid activity. For the purposes of comparison, the following is the equivalent milligram dosage of the various glucocorticoids:
Cortisone, 25
Prednisone, 5
Paramethasone, 2
Hydrocortisone, 20
Methylprednisolone, 4
Betamethasone, 0.75
Prednisolone, 5
Triamcinolone, 4
Dexamethasone, 0.75
Corticosteroids have been demonstrated to depress the production of eosinophils and lymphocytes, but erythropoiesis and production of polymorphonuclear leukocytes are stimulated. Inflammatory processes (edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilatation, migration of leukocytes and phagocytosis) and the later stages of wound healing (capillary proliferation, deposition of collagen, cicatrization) are inhibited.
How should I take Triamcinolone (Cidermex)?
Triamcinolone (Cidermex) is given through a needle and can be injected into different areas of the body: into a muscle; into the space around a joint or tendon, or into a lesion on the skin. A healthcare provider will give you this injection.
Triamcinolone can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections. This can make it easier for you to get sick from being around others who are ill. Your blood may need to be tested often.
Call your doctor if you have signs of infection (fever, weakness, cold or flu symptoms).
Your doctor may instruct you to limit your salt intake while you are receiving Triamcinolone (Cidermex). You may also need to take potassium supplements. Follow your doctor's instructions.
This medicine can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using triamcinolone.
Tell your doctor if you have any type of surgery, illness, or medical emergency. Your dose needs may be different during times of unusual stress.
You should not stop using triamcinolone suddenly after long-term use, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Ask your doctor how to safely stop using this medicine.
Long-term use of steroids can cause harmful effects on the eyes, such as glaucoma or cataracts. If you receive Triamcinolone (Cidermex) for longer than 6 weeks, your doctor may want you to have regular eye exams.
Triamcinolone (Cidermex) administration
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
Use exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Triamcinolone topical will not treat a bacterial, fungal, or viral skin infection.
Wash your hands before and after each application, unless you are using triamcinolone topical to treat a hand condition.
Apply a small amount to the affected area and rub it gently into the skin.
Avoid using this medication on your face, near your eyes or mouth, or on body areas where you have skin folds or thin skin.
If you are using the dental paste, apply the medication in a thin layer, just enough to cover the mouth ulcer. The paste may stick better if you dry the mouth ulcer before applying the medication.
Do not cover treated skin areas with a bandage or other covering unless your doctor has told you to. If you are treating the diaper area of a baby, do not use plastic pants or tight-fitting diapers. Covering the skin that is treated with triamcinolone topical can increase the amount of the drug your skin absorbs, which may lead to unwanted side effects. Follow your doctor's instructions.
Contact your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it gets worse after using this medication for several days. It is important to use triamcinolone topical regularly to get the most benefit.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Triamcinolone (Cidermex) pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
Mechanism of Action
Triamcinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. It binds to and activates the glucocorticoid receptor, leading to activation of anti-inflammatory transcription factors such as lipocortins and inhibition of inflammatory transduction pathways by blocking the release of arachidonic acid and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Pharmacodynamics
Studies indicate that following a single intramuscular dose of 60 to 100 mg of immediate-release triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension, adrenal suppression occurs within 24 to 48 hours and then gradually returns to normal, usually in 30 to 40 days. To assess potential effects of the systemic levels of triamcinolone acetonide associated with a single intra-articular (IA) administration of Triamcinolone (Cidermex) on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function, serum and urine cortisol levels were monitored over 6 weeks post injection. Adrenal suppression with Triamcinolone (Cidermex) occurred within 12-24 hours and then gradually returned to normal, within 30-42 days.
Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations.
In a study where 18 patients with osteoarthritis knee pain and controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus received a single IA injection of Triamcinolone (Cidermex) into the knee, the change from baseline in average blood glucose over the 72 hours after injection as measured by a continuous glucose monitoring device was 8.2 mg/dL (95% confidence interval 0.1, 29.2).
Pharmacokinetics
Triamcinolone (Cidermex) is an extended-release dosage form consisting of microspheres of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) containing triamcinolone acetonide. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for triamcinolone acetonide following IA administration of Triamcinolone (Cidermex) or 40 mg immediate-release triamcinolone acetonide into the knee are provided in Table 4.
Table 4: Summary of Mean (SD) Plasma Pharmacokinetic Parameters for Triamcinolone Acetonide Following IA Administration of Triamcinolone (Cidermex) or 40 mg Immediate-Release Triamcinolone Acetonide
* 33 patients contributed to the analyses of these parameters
† 14 patients contributed to the analyses of these parameters
1 Median (min, max) values for t max
Triamcinolone Acetonide
PK Parameters1
Triamcinolone (Cidermex)
(N=60)
Triamcinolone Acetonide
(N=18)
Cmax (pg/mL)
1143.7
(611.06)
21062.2
(18466.79)
AUC0-24 hour
(pg•h/mL)
21219.2
(11325.62)
297545.3
(222402.77)
AUC0-inf
(pg•h/mL)
842149.2
(1062004.97)*
1567565.0
(1246330.95) †
tmax
(h)
7
(1, 1008)
6
(2, 24)
t1/2
(h)
633.9
(893.0)*
146.9
(213.29) †
References
DailyMed. "TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "TRIAMCINOLONE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "PANTOTHENIC ACID: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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