The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Pharmacology: Clodaz-V6 contains Clotrimazole, a new generation imidazole derivative possessing a potent and broad-spectrum antifungal, anticandidal and antitrichomonal activity. In vitro, depending on the concentration, Clodaz-V6 exhibits fungistatic or fungicidal activity against a wide range of isolates of deratophytes eg, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Epidermatophyton floccosum. Clodaz-V6 exhibits a high degree of anti-candidal action on pathogenic strains of Candida eg, Candida albicans; it also shows a good antimicrobial action on Malassezia furfur. Strains of fungi having a natural resistance to Clodaz-V6 are rare. No single step or multiple step resistance to Clodaz-V6 has developed during successive passages of Candida albicans.
Clodaz-V6 is known to possess anti-trichomonal and antibacterial activity particularly against some of the gram-positive organisms. Clodaz-V6 causes alteration in the cell wall permeability and leads to leakage of intracellular phosphorus compounds with concomitant breakdown of cellular nucleic acid and accelerated potassium influx. These rapidly and extensively developing changes contribute to fungicidal activity of Clodaz-V6. Following the vaginal administration, Clodaz-V6 appears to be minimally absorbed.
Pharmacokinetics: Pharmacokinetic investigations after vaginal application have shown that only a small amount of Clodaz-V6 is absorbed. Due to rapid hepatic metabolism of absorbed Clodaz-V6 into pharmacologically inactive metabolites, the resulting peak plasma concentrations of Clodaz-V6 after vaginal application of a 500-mg dose were <10 ng/mL, reflecting that Clodaz-V6 applied intravaginally does not lead to measurable systemic effects or side effects.
How should I take Clodaz-V6?
Clodaz-V6 lozenges should be held in the mouth and allowed to dissolve slowly and completely. This may take 15 to 30 minutes. Swallow saliva during this time. Do not chew the lozenges or swallow them whole.
Do not give Clodaz-V6 lozenges to infants or children under 3 years of age. They may be too young to use the lozenges safely.
To help clear up your infection completely, it is very important that you keep using Clodaz-V6 for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms begin to clear up after a few days. Since fungus infections may be very slow to clear up, you may have to continue using Clodaz-V6 every day for two weeks or more. If you stop using Clodaz-V6 too soon, your symptoms may return. Do not miss any doses.
Dosing
The dose of Clodaz-V6 will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of Clodaz-V6. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For the treatment of thrush:
Adults and children 3 years of age and older: Dissolve one 10-milligram lozenge slowly and completely in your mouth; this dose should be taken five times a day for at least fourteen days.
Children up to 3 years of age: Clodaz-V6 is not recommended in children under 3 years of age since they may be too young to use the lozenges safely.
For the prevention of thrush:
Adults and children 3 years of age and older: Dissolve one 10-milligram lozenge slowly and completely in your mouth; this dose should be taken three times a day.
Children up to 3 years of age: Clodaz-V6 is not recommended in children under 3 years of age since they may be too young to use the lozenges safely.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of Clodaz-V6, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Clodaz-V6 administration
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
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Oral: Allow troche to dissolve slowly in the mouth. Dissolution is complete in approximately 30 minutes.
Clodaz-V6 pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
Clodaz-V6 is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used for the treatment of dermal infections caused by various species of pathogenic dermatophytes, yeasts, and Malassezia furfur. The primary action of Clodaz-V6 is against dividing and growing organisms.
In vitro,Clodaz-V6 exhibits fungistatic and fungicidal activity against isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum,Microsporum canis and Candida species including Candida albicans. In general, the in vitro activity of Clodaz-V6 corresponds to that of tolnaftate and griseofulvin against the mycelia of dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton), and to that of the polyenes (amphotericin B and nystatin) against budding fungi (Candida). Using an in vivo (mouse) and an in vitro (mouse kidney homogenate) testing system, Clodaz-V6 and micronazole were equally effective in preventing the growth of the pseudomycelia and mycelia of Candida albicans.
Strains of fungi having a natural resistance to Clodaz-V6 are rare. Only a single isolate of Candida guilliermondi has been reported to have primary resistance to Clodaz-V6.
No single-step or multiple-step resistance to Clodaz-V6 has developed during successive passages of Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. No appreciable change in sensitivity was detected after successive passage of isolates of C. albicans, C krusei, or C. pseudotropicalis in liquid or solid media containing Clodaz-V6. Also, resistance could not be developed in chemically induced mutant strains of polyene-resistant isolates of C. albicans. Slight, reversible resistance was noted in three isolates of C. albicans tested by one investigator. There is a single report that records the clinical emergence of C. albicans strain with considerable resistance to flucytosine and micronazole, and with cross-resistance to Clodaz-V6, the strain remained sensitive to nystatin and amphotericin B.
In studies of the mechanism of action, the minimum fungicide concentration of Clodaz-V6 caused leakage of intracellular phosphorus compounds into the ambient medium with concomitant breakdown of cellular nucleic acids and accelerated potassium efflux. Both these events began rapidly and extensively after addition of the drug.
Clodaz-V6 appears to be well absorbed in humans following oral administration and is eliminated mainly as inactive metabolites. Following topical and vaginal administration, however, Clodaz-V6 appears to be minimally absorbed.
Six hours after the application of radioactive Clodaz-V6 1% cream and 1% solution onto intact and acutely inflamed skin, the concentration of Clodaz-V6 varied from 100 mcg/cm3 in the stratum corneum to 0.5 to 1 mcg/cm3 in the stratum reticulare, and 0.1 mcg/cm3 in the subcutis. No measurable amount of radioactivity (≤0.001 mcg/mL) was found in the serum within 48 hours after application under occlusive dressing of 0.5 mL of the solution or 0.8 g of the cream. Only 0.5% or less of the applied radioactivity was excreted in the urine.
Following intravaginal administration of 100 mg 14C-Clodaz-V6 vaginal tablets to nine adult females, an average peak serum level, corresponding to only 0.03 μg equivalent/mL of Clodaz-V6, was reached one to two days after application. After intravaginal administration of 5 g of 1% 14C-Clodaz-V6 vaginal cream containing 50 mg active drug, to five subjects (one with candidal colpitis), serum levels corresponding to approximately 0.01 μg equivalents/mL were reached between 8 and 24 hours after application.
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References
DailyMed. "TINIDAZOLE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE; CLOTRIMAZOLE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
NCIt. "Tinidazole: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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