Clz Actions

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Actions of Clz in details

The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Although Clz phosphate is inactive in vitro, rapid in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially active Clz. Clz has been shown to have in vitro activity against isolates of Propionibacterium acnes cultures tested [minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) 0.4 mcg/mL]. This may account for its usefulness in acne. Free fatty acids on the skin surface have been decreased from approximately 14-2% following application of Clz.

Cross-resistance has been demonstrated between Clz and lincomycin. Antagonism has been demonstrated between Clz and erythromycin.

Topical Solution and Lotion:

In addition, Clz has shown a wide range of in vitro activities that are described in the inserts for oral and parenteral administration.

Clz has no fungicidal activity.

The in vitro inactive Clz phosphate is hydrolysed by phosphatases of the skin to active Clz base.

Pharmacokinetics: Following multiple topical applications of Clz phosphate at a concentration equivalent to Clz 10 mg/mL in an isopropyl alcohol and water solution, very low levels of Clz are present in the serum (0-3 ng/mL) and <0.2% of the dose is recovered in urine as Clz.

Following multiple topical applications of Clz phosphate at a concentration equivalent to Clz 10 mg/g in the gel formulation, 0.053% (morning) and 0.07% (evening) of the administered dose was recovered in the urine as Clz. Average absolute bioavailability was 1.6% and 2.2% after morning and evening doses, respectively.

Clz activity has been demonstrated in comedones from acne patients. The mean concentration of antibiotic activity in extracted comedones after application of Clz (10 mg/mL) in an isopropyl alcohol and water solution for 4 weeks was 597 mcg/g of comedonal material (range 0-1,490 mcg/g).

Geriatric Use: Clinical studies for topical Clz did not include sufficient numbers of subjects ≥65 years to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.

Toxicology: Preclinical Safety Data: Carcinogenesis: Long-term studies in animals have not been performed with Clz to evaluate carcinogenic potential.

Mutagenesis: Genotoxicity tests performed included a rat micronucleus test and an Ames Salmonella reversion test. Both tests were negative.

Impairment of Fertility: Fertility studies in rats treated orally with up to 300 mg/kg/day (approximately 1.1 times the highest recommended adult human dose based on mg/m2) revealed no effects on fertility or mating ability.

In oral embryofetal development studies in rats and SC embryofetal development studies in rats and rabbits, no developmental toxicity was observed except at doses that produced maternal toxicity.

How should I take Clz?

Before applying Clz, thoroughly wash the affected areas with warm water and soap, rinse well, and pat dry.

When applying the medicine, use enough to cover the affected area lightly. You should apply the medicine to the whole area usually affected by acne, not just to the pimples themselves. This will help keep new pimples from breaking out.

You should avoid washing the acne-affected areas too often. This may dry your skin and make your acne worse. Washing with a mild, bland soap 2 or 3 times a day should be enough, unless you have oily skin. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor.

Topical Clz will not cure your acne. However, to help keep your acne under control, keep using Clz for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms begin to clear up after a few days. You may have to continue using Clz every day for months or even longer in some cases. If you stop using Clz too soon, your symptoms may return. It is important that you do not miss any doses.

For patients using the topical foam form of Clz:

For patients using the topical solution form of Clz:

For patients using the topical suspension form of Clz:

Dosing

The dose of Clz will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of Clz. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of Clz, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Clz administration

Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
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Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Take this medicine with a full glass of water to keep it from irritating your throat.

Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Take this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Clz will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.

To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood may need to be tested often. Your kidney or liver function may also need to be tested. Visit your doctor regularly.

If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using Clz. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not store Clz liquid in the refrigerator.

Clz pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
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Mechanism of Action

Mechanism of action in acne vulgaris is unknown.

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics of Clz Foam is unknown.

Pharmacokinetics

In an open label, parallel group study in 24 subjects with acne vulgaris, 12 subjects (3 male and 9 female) applied 4 grams of Clz Foam once-daily for five days, and 12 subjects (7 male and 5 female) applied 4 grams of a Clz gel, 1%, once daily for five days. On Day 5, the mean Cmax and AUC(0-12) were 23% and 9% lower, respectively, for Clz Foam than for the Clz gel, 1%.

Following multiple applications of Clz Foam, less than 0.024% of the total dose was excreted unchanged in the urine over 12 hours on Day 5.

Microbiology

No microbiology studies were conducted in the clinical trials with this product.

Clz binds to the 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria and prevents elongation of peptide chains by interfering with peptidyl transfer, thereby suppressing protein synthesis. Clz has been shown to have in vitro activity against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), an organism that has been associated with acne vulgaris; however, the clinical significance of this activity against P. acnes was not examined in clinical studies with Clz Foam. P. acnes resistance to Clz has been documented.

Inducible Clz Resistance

The treatment of acne with antimicrobials is associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance in P. acnes as well as other bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes). The use of Clz may result in developing inducible resistance in these organisms. This resistance is not detected by routine susceptibility testing.

Cross Resistance

Resistance to Clz is often associated with resistance to erythromycin.

Clinical Studies

In one multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical trial, subjects with mild to moderate acne vulgaris used Clz Foam or the vehicle Foam once daily for twelve weeks. Treatment response, defined as the proportion of subjects clear or almost clear, based on the Investigator Static Global Assessment (ISGA), and the mean percent reductions in lesion counts at the end of treatment in this study are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Efficacy Results at Week 12

Efficacy Parameters Clz Foam

N=386

Vehicle Foam

N=127

Treatment response (ISGA) 31% 18%*
Percent reduction in lesion counts
Inflammatory Lesions 49% 35%*
Noninflammatory Lesions 38% 27%*
Total Lesions 43% 31%*
* P<0.05



References

  1. NCIt. "Clindamycin: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
  2. EPA DSStox. "Clindamycin: DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.". https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/ds... (accessed September 17, 2018).

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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology

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