Consists of Chlorphenamine, Dextromethorphan, Paracetamol, Pseudoephedrine
Actions of Chlorphenamine (Congestal) in details
Chlorphenamine (Congestal) Citadel Fine Pharmaceuticals is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug of fluoroquinolone group with bactericidal action. Inhibits DNA gyrase and inhibits the synthesis of bacterial DNA. Highly active against most gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Chlorphenamine (Congestal) Citadel Fine Pharmaceuticals is active against Staphylococcus spp. (including strains producing and not producing penicillinase, methicillin-resistant strains), some strains of Enterococcus spp., Campylobacter spp., Legionella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp., Mycobacterium spp.
ciprofloxacin is active against bacteria producing beta-lactamases.
Ureaplasma urealyticum, Clostridium difficile, Nocardia asteroides resistant to ciprofloxacin. The effect on Treponema pallidum is studied not enough.
Chlorphenamine (Congestal) administration
May be taken with or without food.
Chlorphenamine (Congestal) pharmacology
Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases, resulting in the DNA being fragmented by repair enzymes in their attempts to replace the alkylated bases, preventing DNA synthesis and RNA transcription from the affected DNA, 2) DNA damage via the formation of cross-links (bonds between atoms in the DNA) which prevents DNA from being separated for synthesis or transcription, and 3) the induction of mispairing of the nucleotides leading to mutations. Chlorphenamine (Congestal) is cell cycle phase-nonspecific.
Actions of Dextromethorphan (Congestal) in details
Dextromethorphan (Congestal) Lafayette Pharmaceutical Laboratory is an antitussive medication. Inhibiting the excitability of the cough center this medicine suppresses the cough of any origin. Dextromethorphan (Congestal) has not addiction effects and it has no analgesic and hypnotic action. Dextromethorphan (Congestal) Lafayette Pharmaceutical Laboratory starts to act after 10-30 minutes after oral administration, the duration of therapeutic action: 5-6 hours for adults and 6-9 hours for children. Dextromethorphan (Congestal) is an optical isomer of levomethorphan which is similar to morphine. Due to optical isomerism this drug has no opioid effects. Dextromethorphan (Congestal) used mainly for replacement of codeine as a cough suppressant. In addition to the cough suppressant this medication is used in medicine for diagnostic purposes and may be useful in various cases - from seizures to heroin addiction treatment, some chronic neurodegenerative diseases. These include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Charcot's disease), disease of "mad cow and other prion diseases. Dextromethorphan (Congestal) has also been used for the treatment of mental retardation, Parkinson's disease, in the treatment of lung and other cancers and to prevent tissue rejection in transplantation because of the (poorly known) effects of sigma ligands on tumor cells and immune system.
How should I take Dextromethorphan (Congestal)?
Use Dextromethorphan (Congestal) exactly as directed on the label, or as it has been prescribed by your doctor. Do not use the medication in larger amounts, or use it for longer than recommended. Cough medicine is usually taken only for a short time until your symptoms clear up.
Do not give Dextromethorphan (Congestal) to a child younger than 4 years old.
Always ask a doctor before giving cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough or cold medicine in very young children.
Measure the liquid form of Dextromethorphan (Congestal) with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Allow the Dextromethorphan (Congestal) lozenge or disintegrating strip to dissolve in your mouth.
Drink extra fluids to help loosen the congestion and lubricate your throat while you are taking this medication. Talk with your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 7 days of treatment, or if you have a fever with a headache, cough, or skin rash.
If you need to have any type of surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time if you have taken a cough medicine within the past few days.
Store Dextromethorphan (Congestal) at room temperature, away from heat, light, and moisture.
Dextromethorphan (Congestal) administration
Shake extended release suspension well before use. Only use dosing cup provided to measure liquid doses.
Dextromethorphan (Congestal) pharmacology
Dextromethorphan (Congestal) is an opioid-like drug that binds to and acts as antagonist to the NMDA glutamatergic receptor, it is an agonist to the opioid sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors, it is also an alpha3/beta4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and targets the serotonin reuptake pump. Dextromethorphan (Congestal) is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, where it enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood-brain barrier. The first-pass through the hepatic portal vein results in some of the drug being metabolized into an active metabolite of Dextromethorphan (Congestal), dextrorphan, the 3-hydroxy derivative of Dextromethorphan (Congestal).
Actions of Paracetamol (Congestal) in details
Pharmacology: Paracetamol (Congestal) exhibits analgesic and antipyretic activity by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. It produces analgesia by elevating the pain threshold and antipyresis through action on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center.
In therapeutic doses, Paracetamol (Congestal)'s analgesic and antipyretic action is comparable to that of aspirin. Paracetamol (Congestal) does not adversely affect platelet function and hemostasis.
Pharmacokinetics: Paracetamol (Congestal) is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations occur between 15 min to 2 hrs after ingestion. The absolute oral bioavailability of Paracetamol (Congestal) is about 80% and is independent of dose in the range of 5-20 mg/kg.
Paracetamol (Congestal) is not bound to plasma proteins to any extent. The concentrations of Paracetamol (Congestal) in saliva are similar to those in plasma. Concentrations in whole blood are up to 20% higher and in breast milk about 20% lower than the plasma concentration. Paracetamol (Congestal) crosses the placenta.
Paracetamol (Congestal) is extensively metabolized in the liver and the total body clearance is about 5 mL/kg/min. The clearance of Paracetamol (Congestal) is reduced and the half-life increased following a hepatotoxic overdose. Prolongation of half-life beyond 4 hrs usually indicates impending liver damage.
Two to five percent of a therapeutic dose of Paracetamol (Congestal) is excreted unchanged in the urine. Its renal clearance is about 10 mL/min and is weakly dependent on urine flow rate but not on pH.
Paracetamol (Congestal) administration
May be taken with or without food.
Paracetamol (Congestal) pharmacology
The analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin are due to actions by both the acetyl and the salicylate portions of the intact molecule as well as by the active salicylate metabolite. Paracetamol (Congestal) directly and irreversibly inhibits the activity of both types of cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) to decrease the formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. This makes aspirin different from other NSAIDS (such as diclofenac and ibuprofen) which are reversible inhibitors. Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation. Paracetamol (Congestal)'s antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms; the therapeutic effects are not due to pituitary-adrenal stimulation. The platelet aggregation–inhibiting effect of aspirin specifically involves the compound's ability to act as an acetyl donor to the platelet membrane; the nonacetylated salicylates have no clinically significant effect on platelet aggregation. Paracetamol (Congestal) affects platelet function by inhibiting the enzyme prostaglandin cyclooxygenase in platelets, thereby preventing the formation of the aggregating agent thromboxane A2. This action is irreversible; the effects persist for the life of the platelets exposed. Paracetamol (Congestal) may also inhibit formation of the platelet aggregation inhibitor prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) in blood vessels; however, this action is reversible.
Actions of Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) in details
Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) acts directly on both alpha- and, to a lesser degree, beta-adrenergic receptors. Through direct action on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract, Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) produces vasoconstriction. Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2-adrenergic receptors. Like ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites, an indirect effect. This is its main and direct mechanism of action. The displaced noradrenaline is released into the neuronal synapse where it is free to activate the postsynaptic adrenergic receptors.
How should I take Pseudoephedrine (Congestal)?
Use Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Cold medicine is usually taken only for a short time until your symptoms clear up.
Do not give Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) to a child younger than 4 years old. Always ask a doctor before giving a cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold medicines in very young children.
Take this medicine with a full glass of water. Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow it whole. Breaking or opening the pill may cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. You may need to shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. Measure the liquid with a special dose measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Do not take Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) for longer than 7 days in a row. Talk with your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 7 days of treatment, or if you have a fever with a headache, cough, or skin rash. If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using Pseudoephedrine (Congestal). You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.
Store Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) administration
Do not crush ER drug product, swallow whole. May administer with or without food. Sudafed 24 Hour tablet may not completely dissolve and appear in stool.
Bariatric surgery: Tablet, extended release: Some institutions may have specific protocols that conflict with these recommendations; refer to institutional protocols as appropriate. ER tablets should be swallowed whole. Do not crush or chew. IR tablet, chewable tablet, capsule, oral solution, syrup, and suspension formulations are available. If safety and efficacy can be effectively monitored, no change in formulation or administration is required after bariatric surgery.
Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) pharmacology
Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) is a sympathomimetic agent, structurally similar to ephedrine, used to relieve nasal and sinus congestion and reduce air-travel-related otalgia in adults. The salts Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) hydrochloride and Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) sulfate are found in many over-the-counter preparations either as single-ingredient preparations, or more commonly in combination with antihistamines and/or Pseudoephedrine (Congestal)/ibuprofen. Unlike antihistamines, which modify the systemic histamine-mediated allergic response, Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) only serves to relieve nasal congestion commonly associated with colds or allergies. The advantage of oral Pseudoephedrine (Congestal) over topical nasal preparations, such as oxymetazoline, is that it does not cause rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa).
References
- DailyMed. "PSEUDOEPHEDRINE SULFATE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- DailyMed. "DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
- NCIt. "Dextromethorphan: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
Reviews
The results of a survey conducted on ndrugs.com for Congestal are given in detail below. The results of the survey conducted are based on the impressions and views of the website users and consumers taking Congestal. We implore you to kindly base your medical condition or therapeutic choices on the result or test conducted by a physician or licensed medical practitioners.User reports
6 consumers reported administration
When best can I take Congestal, on an empty stomach, before or after food?ndrugs.com website users have also released a report stating that Congestal should be taken Empty stomach. In any case, this may not be the right description on how you ought to take this Congestal. Kindly visit your doctor for more medical advice in this regard. Click here to see other users view on when best the Congestal can be taken.
| Users | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Empty stomach | 4 | 66.7% | |
| After food | 1 | 16.7% | |
| Before food | 1 | 16.7% | |
Consumer reviews
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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology
