The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics:
Orally administered Erythroped stearate is readily and reliably absorbed. Optimal serum levels of Erythroped are reached when the drug is taken in the fasting state or immediately before meals.
Erythroped diffuses readily into most body fluids. Only low concentrations are normally achieved in the spinal fluid, but passage of the drug across the blood-brain barrier increases in meningitis. In the presence of normal hepatic function, Erythroped is concentrated in the liver and excreted in the bile; the effect of hepatic dysfunction on excretion of Erythroped by the liver into the bile is not known. Less than 5% of the orally administered dose of Erythroped is excreted in active form in the urine.
Microbiology: Biochemical tests demonstrate Erythroped inhibits protein synthesis of the pathogen without directly affecting nucleic acid synthesis. Antagonism has been demonstrated between clindamycin and Erythroped.
Erythroped binds to the 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria and suppresses protein synthesis.
Erythroped is usually active against most strains of the following organisms both in vitro and in clinical infections: Gram-Positive Organisms: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (resistant organisms may emerge during treatment), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes.
Other Microorganisms: Chlamydia trachomatis, Entamoeba histolytica, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Erythroped has been shown to be active in vitro against most strains of the following organisms; however, the safety and efficacy of Erythroped in treating infections due to these organisms have not been established in adequate and well-controlled trials: Gram-Positive Organisms: Alpha hemolytic streptococci (viridans group).
Other Microorganisms: Entamoeba histolytica, Treponema pallidum.
Disc Susceptibility Tests: Quantitative methods require measurement of zone diameters give the most precise estimates of antibiotic susceptibility. One recommended procedure uses Erythroped class discs for testing susceptibility; interpretations correlate zone diameters of this disc test with MIC values for Erythroped. With this procedure, a report from the laboratory of "susceptible" indicates the infecting organism is likely to respond to therapy. A report of "resistant" indicates the infective organism is not likely to respond to therapy. A report of "intermediate susceptibility" indicates the result be considered equivocal, and if, the pathogen is not fully susceptible to alternative clinically feasible drugs, the test should be repeated. This category provides a buffer zone, which prevents small, uncontrolled technical factors from causing major discrepancies in interpretation.
Note: Many strains of Haemophilus influenzae are resistant to Erythroped alone, but are susceptible to Erythroped and sulfonamides together. Staphylococci resistant to Erythroped may emerge during a course of Erythroped therapy. Culture and susceptibility testing should be performed.
How should I take Erythroped?
Take Erythroped exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
If a child is using this medicine, tell your doctor if the child has any changes in weight. Erythroped doses are based on weight in children.
Do not crush, chew, or break a delayed-release Erythroped. Swallow the tablet whole.
Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Erythroped will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
Erythroped can cause unusual results with certain lab tests of the urine. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using Erythroped.
Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
You may need to store liquid medicine in a refrigerator. Carefully follow the storage directions on your medicine label. Liquid medicine expires after a short period of time. Throw away any unused liquid as directed.
Erythroped administration
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
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Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
You may take Erythroped with or without food.
Do not crush, chew, break, or open an Erythroped tablet or capsule. Swallow it whole.
Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. Measure the liquid with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
This medication can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using Erythroped.
Take this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Erythroped will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat, unless otherwise directed on the medicine label.
Erythroped pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
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Orally administered Erythroped ethylsuccinate suspensions and Filmtab tablets are readily and reliably absorbed. Comparable serum levels (Erythroped ethylsuccinate) of Erythroped are achieved in the fasting and nonfasting states.
Erythroped diffuses readily into most body fluids. Only low concentrations are normally achieved in the spinal fluid, but passage of the drug across the blood-brain barrier increases in meningitis. In the presence of normal hepatic function, Erythroped is concentrated in the liver and excreted in the bile; the effect of hepatic dysfunction on excretion of Erythroped by the liver into the bile is not known. Less than 5 percent of the orally administered dose of Erythroped is excreted in active form in the urine.
Erythroped crosses the placental barrier, but fetal plasma levels (Erythroped ethylsuccinate) are low. The drug is excreted in human milk.
Microbiology
Erythroped acts by inhibition of protein synthesis by binding 50 S ribosomal subunits of susceptible organisms. It does not affect nucleic acid synthesis. Antagonism has been demonstrated in vitro between Erythroped and clindamycin, lincomycin, and chloramphenicol.
Many strains of Haemophilus influenzae are resistant to Erythroped alone but are susceptible to Erythroped and sulfonamides used concomitantly.
Staphylocci resistant to Erythroped may emerge during a course of therapy.
Erythroped has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section.
Gram-positive Organisms
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Corynebacterium minutissimum
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus aureus(resistant organisms may emerge during treatment)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram-negative Organisms
Bordetella pertussis
Legionella pneumophila
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Other Microorganisms
Chlamydia trachomatis
Entamoeba histolytica
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Treponema pallidum
Ureaplasma urealyticum
The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown.
Erythroped exhibits in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of 0.5 μg/mL or less against most ( ≥ 90%) strains of the following microorganisms; however, the safety and effectiveness (Erythroped ethylsuccinate) of Erythroped in treating clinical infections due to these microorganisms have not been established in adequate and well controlled clinical trials.
Gram-positive Organisms
Viridans group streptococci
Gram-negative Organisms
Moraxella catarrhalis
Susceptibility Tests
Dilution Techniques
Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's). These MIC's provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The MIC's should be determined using a standardized procedure. Standardized procedures are based on a dilution methodrequires the use of standardized inoculum concentrations. This procedure uses paper disks impregnated with 15-μg Erythroped to test the susceptibility of microorganisms to Erythroped.
Reports from the laboratory providing results of the standard single-disk susceptibility test with a 15
References
DailyMed. "ERYTHROMYCIN: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
NCIt. "Erythromycin: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
EPA DSStox. "Erythromycin: DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.". https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/ds... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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