An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
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Treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible aerobic organisms.
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus species (excluding enterococci), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Klebsiella species (including K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens.
Skin and skin structure infections caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus Group B, Streptococcus Group G, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus species (excluding enterococci), Peptostreptococcus species, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella species (including K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca), Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Serratia marcescens.
Urinary tract infections (complicated and uncomplicated) caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, M. morganii and Klebsiella species (including K. pneumoniae).
Uncomplicated gonorrhea (cervical/urethral and rectal) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including penicillinase- and nonpenicillinase-producing strains.
Bacterial septicemia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli and H. influenzae.
Bone infections caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, methicillin-sensitive S. epidermidis, Stretococcus Group B, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus species (excluding enterococci), E. coli, Enterobacter species, P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae.
Joint infections caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus species (excluding enterococci), E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter species.
Meningitis: The initial treatment, as a single agent, of meningitis in children and immunocompetent adults when presumed or proven to be caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseriameningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Enterobacteriaceae pending culture and sensitivity results.
Surgical Prophylaxis: The preoperative administration of a single 1 g dose of ceftriaxone may reduce the incidence of postoperative infections in patients undergoing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy or cholecystectomy in high risk patients, surgical procedures which are classified as contaminated or potentially contaminated and patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Although ceftriaxone has been shown to have been as effective as cefazolin in the prevention of infection following coronary artery bypass surgery, no placebo controlled trials have been conducted.
Susceptibility Testing: Before instituting treatment with ceftriaxone, appropriate specimens should be obtained for isolation of the causative organism and for determination of its susceptibility to the drug. Therapy may be instituted prior to obtaining results of susceptibility testing.
Hanbeeceftron description
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Each vial contains ceftriaxone sodium 1.19 g equivalent to ceftriaxone 1 g.
Hanbeeceftron is a sterile, semisynthetic, broad spectrum cephalosphorin antibiotic for IV or IM administration. It contains approximately 83 mg (3.6mEq) of sodium per g of ceftriaxone activity.
Ceftriaxone sodium is disodium (6R,7R)-[[(2Z)-2-aminothiazol-4-yl)methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[(2-methyl-6-oxido-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulphanyl]methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 3,5 hydrate.
The chemical formula of ceftriaxone sodium is C18H16N8Na2O7S3·3½H2O. It has a calculated molecular weight of 661.59 (CAS Registry Number: 104376-79-6).
Ceftriaxone sodium is a white or yellowish crystalline powder which is very soluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol and very slightly soluble in ethanol. The pH of a 5% aqueous solution is approximately 6-8. Ceftriaxone sodium solutions may be light yellow to amber-colored in color.
Hanbeeceftron dosage
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Recommended Daily Dose: Adult: 1-2 g once a day or in equally divided doses twice a day depending on the type and severity of the infection. The lower dose would be appropriate for less severe infections.
Uncomplicated Gonococcal Infections: As a single IM dose of 250 mg.
Preoperative Use (Surgical Prophylaxis) in Cardiovascular Surgery, Biliary Tract Surgery in High Risk Patients and in Vaginal and Abdominal Hysterectomy: As a single dose of 1 g administered 30 min to 2 hrs before surgery.
Serious Miscellaneous Infections:Children: Recommended Total Daily Dose: 50-75 mg/kg (not to exceed 2 g), given once per day or in divided doses every 12 hrs. In meningitis, the dose should be divided and administered every 12 hrs.
Generally, ceftriaxone therapy should be continued for at least 2 days after the signs ans symptoms of infection have disappeared. The usual duration is 4-14 days. In special conditions eg, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, infected joints etc, treatment may be continued for a longer duration. Prolonged therapy results in a higher incidence of adverse effects particularly diarrhea, rash, eosinophilia, elevated liver enzymes and to a lesser extent neutropenia.
When treating infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, therapy should be continued for at least 10 days.
No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with impairment of hepatic function; however, blood levels should be monitored in patients with severe renal impairment (eg, dialysis patients) and in patients with both renal and hepatic dysfunction. Serum levels should not exceed 280 mcg/mL.
Administration: Hanbeeceftron contains no antimicrobial agent. Product is for single use in 1 patient only. Discard any residue.
Hanbeeceftron may be administered IV or IM.
The use of freshly prepared solution is recommended. These retain their efficacy for at least 6 hrs at room temperature (or 24 hrs ar 2-8oC). The solutions are yellowish in color. To reduce microbiological hazard, use as soon as practicable after dilution. If storage is necessary, hold at 2-8oC for not more than 24 hrs.
Hanbeeceftron should not be added to solutions containing calcium eg, Hartmann's solution and Ringer's solution. Hanbeeceftron should also not be mixed with or piggybacked into solutions containing other antimicrobial drugs or into diluent solutions other than those listed as follows, owing to possible incompatibility. Specifically, the literature reports that ceftriaxone is incompatible with amsacrine, vancomycin, fluconazole and aminoglycosides.
Intramuscular Injection: Hanbeeceftron 1 g in 3.5 mL of 1 % lignocaine solution and administered by deep intragluteal injection. It is recommended that no more than 1 g be injected on either side. The lignocaine solution must never be administered IV. Hanbeeceftron should be injected well into the body of a relatively large muscle mass.
Intramuscular injection without lignocaine solution is painful.
Intravenous Injection: Hanbeeceftron 1 g in 10 mL water for injections, and then administered by direct IV injection lasting 2-4 min.
Intravenous Infusion: Hanbeeceftron 2 g is dissolved in approximately 40 mL of one of the following infusion solutions: Sodium chloride 0.9%m, sodium chloride 0.45% + glucose 2.5%, glucose 5%, glucose 10%, dextran 70.6% in glucose 5%.
The infusion should be given over a period of at least 30 min.
Hanbeeceftron interactions
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Ceftriaxone does not contain an N-methylthiotetrazole moiety which has been associated with significant impairment of Vitamin K-dependent coagulation by some other cephalosporins. Probenecid does not cause clinically significant changes in the elimination of ceftriaxone. Concomitant use does not confer a therapeutic benefit.
In an in vitro study, antagonistic effects have been observed with the combination of chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone.
Effects on Laboratory Tests: In patients treated with ceftriaxone the Coombs' test may become false-positive. Ceftriaxone, like other antibiotics, may result in false-positive tests for galactosemia.
Likewise, non-enzymatic methods for the glucose determination in urine may give false-positive results. For this reason, urine-glucose determination during therapy with ceftriaxone should be done enzymatically.
Hanbeeceftron side effects
GI
Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; anorexia; abdominal pain or cramps; flatulence; colitis, including pseudomembranous colitis.
Hepatic function impairment; abnormal LFT results.
Miscellaneous
Hypersensitivity, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis; candidal overgrowth; serum sickness–like reactions (eg, skin rashes, polyarthritis, arthralgia, fever); phlebitis; thrombophlebitis and pain at injection site.
Hanbeeceftron contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin class of antibiotics or a major allergy to penicillin (anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, urticaria).
Lignocaine should not be used as diluent for IM injection in patients who are hypersensitive to lignocaine.
Hanbeeceftron must not be administered with calcium-containing solutions in newborns because of the risk of precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium salt. Cases of fatal reactions with calcium-ceftriaxone precipitates in lung and kidney in newborns have been described. In some cases, the infusion lines and times of administration of ceftriaxone and calcium-containing solution differed. Therefore, Hanbeeceftron and IV calcium-containing solutions must not be administered within 48 hrs of each other in newborns.
Hyperbilirubinemic newborns and preterm newborns should not be treated with ceftriaxone.
In vitro studies have shown that ceftriaxone can displace bilirubin from its binding to serum albumin, leading to a possible risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in these patients.
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