The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Adapalene acts on retinoid receptors. Biochemical and pharmacological profile studies have demonstrated that adapalene is a modulator of cellular differentiation, keratinization, and inflammatory processes all of which represent important features in the pathology of acne vulgaris.
Mechanistically, adapalene binds to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors but does not bind to the cytosolic receptor protein. Although the exact mode of action of adapalene is unknown, it is suggested that topical adapalene normalizes the differentiation of follicular epithelial cells resulting in decreased microcomedone formation.
How should I take Adapalene (Klenzit-C)?
It is very important that you use adapalene only as directed. Do not use more of it, do not use it more often, and do not use it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may cause irritation of the skin.
Do not apply adapalene to windburned or sunburned skin or on open wounds.
Do not use adapalene in or around the eyes, lips, or inside of the nose. Spread the medicine away from these areas when applying. If the medicine accidently gets on these areas, wash with water at once.
Apply the medicine to clean, dry areas of the skin affected by acne. Rub in gently and well. Wash your hands afterwards to remove any medicine that may remain on them.
To help clear up your acne completely, it is very important that you keep using adapalene for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms begin to clear up after a short time. If you stop using adapalene too soon, your acne may return or get worse.
Dosing
The dose of adapalene will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of adapalene. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For topical dosage form (gel):
For acne:
Adults and teenagers—Apply a small amount as a thin film once a day, at least one hour before bedtime. Apply the medicine to dry, clean areas affected by acne. Rub in gently and well.
Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of adapalene, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Adapalene (Klenzit-C) administration
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
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Use adapalene topical exactly as your doctor has prescribed it for you. Using more medicine or applying it more often than prescribed will not make it work any faster, and may increase side effects. Do not use this medication for longer than your doctor has prescribed.
Adapalene topical is usually applied once daily in the evening.
Wash your hands before applying adapalene topical.
Clean your skin with a mild cleanser (not soap) before applying the medication. Pat the skin dry with a clean towel.
Apply the medication in a thin layer to the entire face or other affected skin areas. Do not apply any other skin products unless your doctor has told you to.
Use this medication for as many days as it has been prescribed for you even if you think it is not working. It may take weeks or months of use before you notice improvement in your skin. Your acne may get slightly worse for a short time when you first start using the medication. Call your doctor if skin irritation becomes severe or if your acne does not improve within 8 to 12 weeks.
Store adapalene topical at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Adapalene (Klenzit-C) pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
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Mechanism of Action
Adapalene binds to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors but does not bind to cytosolic receptor protein. Biochemical and pharmacological profile studies have demonstrated that adapalene is a modulator of cellular differentiation, keratinization and inflammatory processes. However, the significance of these findings with regard to the mechanism of action of adapalene for the treatment of acne is unknown.
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics of Adapalene (Klenzit-C) is unknown.
Pharmacokinetics
Systemic exposure of adapalene following a topical application of Adapalene (Klenzit-C) was studied in two pharmacokinetic (PK) clinical trials.
The first trial was conducted in 14 adult subjects 18 to 29 years of age with severe acne and the second trial was conducted in 13 adolescent subjects 12 to 17 years of age with moderate to severe acne.
In each trial, subjects were treated with 2 g of Adapalene (Klenzit-C) applied once daily applied to approximately 1000 cm2 of acne involved skin for 28 days (adolescent subjects) or 30 days (adult subjects). Serial plasma samples were collected at 24 or 72 hours following application on days 1, 15 and 28/30. Daily topical application of Adapalene (Klenzit-C) resulted in low systemic exposure to adapalene in the two populations (adult and adolescent subjects). In the adult population, all plasma concentrations in 12 out of 14 subjects were below the limit of quantification (LOQ=0.1 ng/mL). One subject had one sample above LOQ at day 30 and the other subject had four plasma samples above LOQ on both days 1 and 15, which ranged from 0.102 and 0.131 ng/mL. In the adolescent population, plasma concentrations were quantifiable (>0.1 ng/mL) in five subjects. On Day 28, the mean Cmax was 0.128± 0.049 ng/mL (range: <0.100 to 0.244 ng/mL) and the mean of AUC0-24hr was 3.07 ± 1.21 ng.hr/mL (range: 1.86 to 4.93 ng.hr/mL). Adapalene plasma concentrations in all subjects were below the limit of quantification (<0.1 ng/mL) 48 hours after the last application on Day 28.
Actions of Clindamycin (Klenzit-C) in details
The action of the drug on the human body is called Pharmacodynamics in Medical terminology. To produce its effect and to change the pathological process that is happening the body and to reduce the symptom or cure the disease, the medicine has to function in a specific way. The changes it does to the body at cellular level gives the desired result of treating a disease. Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease.
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Pharmacology:Pharmacodynamics: Although clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro, rapid in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially active clindamycin. Clindamycin has been shown to have in vitro activity against isolates of Propionibacterium acnes cultures tested [minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) 0.4 mcg/mL]. This may account for its usefulness in acne. Free fatty acids on the skin surface have been decreased from approximately 14-2% following application of clindamycin.
Cross-resistance has been demonstrated between clindamycin and lincomycin. Antagonism has been demonstrated between clindamycin and erythromycin.
Topical Solution and Lotion:
In addition, clindamycin has shown a wide range of in vitro activities that are described in the inserts for oral and parenteral administration.
Clindamycin has no fungicidal activity.
The in vitro inactive clindamycin phosphate is hydrolysed by phosphatases of the skin to active clindamycin base.
Pharmacokinetics: Following multiple topical applications of clindamycin phosphate at a concentration equivalent to clindamycin 10 mg/mL in an isopropyl alcohol and water solution, very low levels of clindamycin are present in the serum (0-3 ng/mL) and <0.2% of the dose is recovered in urine as clindamycin.
Following multiple topical applications of clindamycin phosphate at a concentration equivalent to clindamycin 10 mg/g in the gel formulation, 0.053% (morning) and 0.07% (evening) of the administered dose was recovered in the urine as clindamycin. Average absolute bioavailability was 1.6% and 2.2% after morning and evening doses, respectively.
Clindamycin activity has been demonstrated in comedones from acne patients. The mean concentration of antibiotic activity in extracted comedones after application of clindamycin (10 mg/mL) in an isopropyl alcohol and water solution for 4 weeks was 597 mcg/g of comedonal material (range 0-1,490 mcg/g).
Geriatric Use: Clinical studies for topical clindamycin did not include sufficient numbers of subjects ≥65 years to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Toxicology:Preclinical Safety Data: Carcinogenesis: Long-term studies in animals have not been performed with clindamycin to evaluate carcinogenic potential.
Mutagenesis: Genotoxicity tests performed included a rat micronucleus test and an Ames Salmonella reversion test. Both tests were negative.
Impairment of Fertility: Fertility studies in rats treated orally with up to 300 mg/kg/day (approximately 1.1 times the highest recommended adult human dose based on mg/m2) revealed no effects on fertility or mating ability.
In oral embryofetal development studies in rats and SC embryofetal development studies in rats and rabbits, no developmental toxicity was observed except at doses that produced maternal toxicity.
How should I take Clindamycin (Klenzit-C)?
Before applying clindamycin, thoroughly wash the affected areas with warm water and soap, rinse well, and pat dry.
When applying the medicine, use enough to cover the affected area lightly. You should apply the medicine to the whole area usually affected by acne, not just to the pimples themselves. This will help keep new pimples from breaking out.
You should avoid washing the acne-affected areas too often. This may dry your skin and make your acne worse. Washing with a mild, bland soap 2 or 3 times a day should be enough, unless you have oily skin. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor.
Topical clindamycin will not cure your acne. However, to help keep your acne under control, keep using clindamycin for the full time of treatment, even if your symptoms begin to clear up after a few days. You may have to continue using clindamycin every day for months or even longer in some cases. If you stop using clindamycin too soon, your symptoms may return. It is important that you do not miss any doses.
For patients using the topical foam form of clindamycin:
After washing or shaving, it is best to wait 30 minutes before applying clindamycin. The alcohol in it may irritate freshly washed or shaved skin.
clindamycin contains alcohol and is flammable. Do not use near heat, near open flame, or while smoking.
To apply clindamycin:
Do not dispense clindamycin topical foam directly onto your hands because the foam will begin to melt on contact with warm skin.
Remove the clear cap. Align the black mark with the nozzle of the actuator.
Hold the can upright and press firmly to dispense. Dispense amount that will cover the affected area(s) directly into the cap or onto a cool surface.
The can may be placed under cold running water if the can seems warm or the foam seems runny.
A small amount of topical foam should be picked up with your fingertips and massaged gently into the affected areas until the foam disappears.
Unused medicine that was removed from the can should be throw away.
Since clindamycin contains alcohol, it will sting or burn. In addition, it has an unpleasant taste if it gets on the mouth or lips. Therefore, do not get clindamycin in the eyes, nose, or mouth, or on other mucous membranes. Spread the medicine away from these areas when applying. If clindamycin does get in the eyes, wash them out immediately, but carefully, with large amounts of cool tap water. If your eyes still burn or are painful, check with your doctor.
It is important that you do not use clindamycin more often than your doctor ordered. It may cause your skin to become too dry or irritated.
For patients using the topical solution form of clindamycin:
After washing or shaving, it is best to wait 30 minutes before applying clindamycin. The alcohol in it may irritate freshly washed or shaved skin.
clindamycin contains alcohol and is flammable. Do not use near heat, near open flame, or while smoking.
To apply clindamycin:
clindamycin comes in a bottle with an applicator tip, which may be used to apply the medicine directly to the skin. Use the applicator with a dabbing motion instead of a rolling motion (not like a roll-on deodorant, for example). Tilt the bottle and press the tip firmly against your skin. If needed, you can make the medicine flow faster from the applicator tip by slightly increasing the pressure against the skin. If the medicine flows too fast, use less pressure. If the applicator tip becomes dry, turn the bottle upside down and press the tip several times to moisten it.
Since clindamycin contains alcohol, it will sting or burn. In addition, it has an unpleasant taste if it gets on the mouth or lips. Therefore, do not get clindamycin in the eyes, nose, or mouth, or on other mucous membranes. Spread the medicine away from these areas when applying. If clindamycin does get in the eyes, wash them out immediately, but carefully, with large amounts of cool tap water. If your eyes still burn or are painful, check with your doctor.
It is important that you do not use clindamycin more often than your doctor ordered. It may cause your skin to become too dry or irritated.
For patients using the topical suspension form of clindamycin:
Shake well before applying.
Dosing
The dose of clindamycin will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of clindamycin. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For topical dosage form (foam):
For acne:
Adults and children 12 years of age and over—Apply once a day to areas affected by acne.
Infants and children up to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
For topical dosage forms (gel, solution, and suspension):
For acne:
Adults and children 12 years of age and over—Apply two times a day to areas affected by acne.
Infants and children up to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of clindamycin, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Clindamycin (Klenzit-C) administration
Administration of drug is important to know because the drug absorption and action varies depending on the route and time of administration of the drug. A medicine is prescribed before meals or after meals or along with meals. The specific timing of the drug intake about food is to increase its absorption and thus its efficacy. Few work well when taken in empty stomach and few medications need to be taken 1 or 2 hrs after the meal. A drug can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule which is the oral route of administration and the same can be in IV form which is used in specific cases. Other forms of drug administration can be a suppository in anal route or an inhalation route.
Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Take this medicine with a full glass of water to keep it from irritating your throat.
Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Take this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Clindamycin will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood may need to be tested often. Your kidney or liver function may also need to be tested. Visit your doctor regularly.
If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using clindamycin. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not store clindamycin liquid in the refrigerator.
Clindamycin (Klenzit-C) pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics of a drug can be defined as what body does to the drug after it is taken. The therapeutic result of the medicine depends upon the Pharmacokinetics of the drug. It deals with the time taken for the drug to be absorbed, metabolized, the process and chemical reactions involved in metabolism and about the excretion of the drug. All these factors are essential to deciding on the efficacy of the drug. Based on these pharmacokinetic principles, the ingredients, the Pharmaceutical company decides dose and route of administration. The concentration of the drug at the site of action which is proportional to therapeutic result inside the body depends on various pharmacokinetic reactions that occur in the body.
Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of action in acne vulgaris is unknown.
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics of Clindamycin (Klenzit-C) Foam is unknown.
Pharmacokinetics
In an open label, parallel group study in 24 subjects with acne vulgaris, 12 subjects (3 male and 9 female) applied 4 grams of Clindamycin (Klenzit-C) Foam once-daily for five days, and 12 subjects (7 male and 5 female) applied 4 grams of a clindamycin gel, 1%, once daily for five days. On Day 5, the mean Cmax and AUC(0-12) were 23% and 9% lower, respectively, for Clindamycin (Klenzit-C) Foam than for the clindamycin gel, 1%.
Following multiple applications of Clindamycin (Klenzit-C) Foam, less than 0.024% of the total dose was excreted unchanged in the urine over 12 hours on Day 5.
Microbiology
No microbiology studies were conducted in the clinical trials with this product.
Clindamycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria and prevents elongation of peptide chains by interfering with peptidyl transfer, thereby suppressing protein synthesis. Clindamycin has been shown to have in vitro activity against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), an organism that has been associated with acne vulgaris; however, the clinical significance of this activity against P. acnes was not examined in clinical studies with Clindamycin (Klenzit-C) Foam. P. acnes resistance to clindamycin has been documented.
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance
The treatment of acne with antimicrobials is associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance in P. acnes as well as other bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes). The use of clindamycin may result in developing inducible resistance in these organisms. This resistance is not detected by routine susceptibility testing.
Cross Resistance
Resistance to clindamycin is often associated with resistance to erythromycin.
References
DailyMed. "ADAPALENE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
NCIt. "Clindamycin: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
NCIt. "Adapalene: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.". https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser... (accessed September 17, 2018).
Reviews
The results of a survey conducted on ndrugs.com for Klenzit-C are given in detail below. The results of the survey conducted are based on the impressions and views of the website users and consumers taking Klenzit-C. We implore you to kindly base your medical condition or therapeutic choices on the result or test conducted by a physician or licensed medical practitioners.
User reports
Consumer reported administration
No survey data has been collected yet
Consumer reviews
Virginiah
16 Jun 2015 04:35
I'm a nursing mother and I've been having acne breakouts every now and then. This time round it got worse so i went to see a dermatologist who prescribed Klenzit gel yesterday. So I've only used it once, precisely yesternight and already i can see something positive. I woke up with most pimples dried out. I can't wait to see how i'll look like in two weeks.....
