Nitrolowe Uses

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What is Nitrolowe?

Nitrolowe injection is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) during surgery or to control congestive heart failure in patients who have had a heart attack. It may also be used to produce hypotension (low blood pressure) during surgery. Nitrolowe injection is sometimes used to treat angina (chest pain) in patients who have been treated with other medicines that did not work well.

Nitrolowe belongs to the group of medicines called nitrates. It works by relaxing the blood vessels and increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its work load.

Nitrolowe is to be given only by or under the direct supervision of your doctor.

Nitrolowe indications

An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.
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Nitrolowe Slocaps® (Nitrolowe) are indicated for the prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The onset of action of oral Nitrolowe is not sufficiently rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode.

How should I use Nitrolowe?

Use Nitrolowe aerosol as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Nitrolowe aerosol.

Uses of Nitrolowe in details

There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.
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Nitrolowe extended-release capsules are used to prevent chest pain (angina) in people with a certain heart condition (coronary artery disease). This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as nitrates. Angina occurs when the heart muscle is not getting enough blood. This drug works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily to the heart.

This medication will not relieve chest pain once it occurs. It is also not intended to be taken just before physical activities (such as exercise, sexual activity) to prevent chest pain. Other medications may be needed in these situations. Consult your doctor for more details.

How to use Nitrolowe

Take this medication by mouth, usually 3 to 4 times daily or as directed by your doctor. It is important to take the drug at the same times each day. Do not change the dosing times unless directed by your doctor. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Swallow this medication whole. Do not crush or chew the capsules. Doing so can release all of the drug at once and may increase your risk of side effects.

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. Do not suddenly stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor. Some conditions may become worse when the drug is suddenly stopped. Your dose may need to be gradually decreased.

Although unlikely, when this medication is used for a long time, it may not work as well and may require different dosing. Tell your doctor if this medication stops working well (for example, you have worsening chest pain or it occurs more often).

Nitrolowe description

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Glyceryl trinitrate, also known as Nitrolowe.

Nitrolowe dosage

Nitrolowe Dosage

Generic name: Nitrolowe 20mg in 1g

Dosage form: ointment

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The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist.

As noted above (CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY), controlled trials have demonstrated that Nitrolowe ointment can effectively reduce exercise-related angina for up to 7 hours after a single application. Doses used in clinical trials have ranged from 1/2 inch (1.3 cm; 7.5 mg) to 2 inches (5.1 cm; 30 mg), typically applied to 36 square inches (232 square centimeters) of truncal skin.

It is reasonable to believe that the rate and extent of Nitrolowe absorption from ointment may vary with the site and square measure of the skin over which a given dose of ointment is spread, but these relationships have not been adequately studied.

Controlled trials with other formulations of Nitrolowe have demonstrated that if plasma levels are maintained continuously, all anti-anginal efficacy is lost within 24 hours. This tolerance cannot be overcome by increasing the dose of Nitrolowe. As a result, any regimen of Nitrolowe® administration should include a daily nitrate-free interval. The minimum necessary length of such an interval has not been defined, but studies with other Nitrolowe formulations have shown that 10 to 12 hours is sufficient.

Thus, one appropriate dosing schedule for Nitrolowe® would begin with two daily 1/2- inch (7.5 mg) doses, one applied on rising in the morning and one applied six hours later. The dose could be doubled, and even doubled again, in patients tolerating this dose but failing to respond to it. The foilpac is intended as a unit dose package only and is equivalent to approximately 1 inch as squeezed from the tube. Use entire contents of foilpac to obtain full dose and discard immediately after use.

Each tube of ointment and each box of foilpacs is supplied with a pad of ruled, impermeable, paper applicators. These applicators allow ointment to be absorbed through a much smaller area of skin than that used in any of the reported clinical trials, and the significance of this difference is not known. To apply the ointment using one of the applicators, place the applicator on a flat surface, printed side down. Squeeze the necessary amount of ointment from the tube onto the applicator, place the applicator (ointment side down) on the desired area of the skin, and tape the applicator into place.

More about Nitrolowe (Nitrolowe)

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Nitrolowe interactions

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What other drugs will affect Nitrolowe?

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PDE5 inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil have been shown to potentiate the hypotensive effects of organic nitrates.

The time course of the interaction appears to be related to the half-life of the PDE5 inhibitor, however, the dose dependence of this interaction has not been studied. Use of Nitrolowe within a few days of PDE5 inhibitors is contraindicated.

Antihypertensives

Patients receiving antihypertensive drugs, beta-adrenergic blockers, and other nitrates should be observed for possible additive hypotensive effects when using Nitrolowe. Marked orthostatic hypotension has been reported when calcium channel blockers and organic nitrates were used concomitantly.

Beta-blockers blunt the reflex tachycardia produced by Nitrolowe without preventing its hypotensive effects. If beta-blockers are used with Nitrolowe in patients with angina pectoris, additional hypotensive effects may occur.

Aspirin

Coadministration of aspirin (at doses between 500 mg and 1000 mg) and Nitrolowe has been reported to result in increased Nitrolowe maximum concentrations by as much as 67% and AUC by 73% when administered as a single dose. The pharmacological effects of Nitrolowe may be enhanced by concomitant administration of aspirin.

Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA)

Intravenous administration of Nitrolowe decreases the thrombolytic effect of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Plasma levels of t-PA are reduced when coadministered with Nitrolowe. Therefore, caution should be observed in patients receiving Nitrolowe during t-PA therapy.

Heparin

Although an interaction has been reported between intravenous heparin and intravenous Nitrolowe (resulting in a decrease in the anticoagulant effect of heparin), the data are not consistent. If patients are to receive intravenous heparin and Nitrolowe concurrently, the anticoagulation status of the patient must be checked.

Ergotamine

Oral administration of Nitrolowe markedly decreases the first-pass metabolism of dihydroergotamine and consequently increases its oral bioavailability. Ergotamine is known to precipitate angina pectoris. Therefore the possibility of ergotism in patients receiving Nitrolowe should be considered.

Alcohol

The vasodilating effects of Nitrolowe have been shown to be additive to the effects observed with alcohol.

Nitrolowe side effects

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What are the possible side effects of Nitrolowe?

Adverse reactions to Nitrolowe are generally dose related, and almost all of these reactions are the result of Nitrolowe’s activity as a vasodilator. Headache, which may be severe, is the most commonly reported side effect. Headache may be recurrent with each daily dose, especially at higher doses. Transient episodes of lightheadedness, occasionally related to blood pressure changes, may also occur. Hypotension occurs infrequently, but in some patients it may be severe enough to warrant discontinuation of therapy. Syncope, crescendo angina, and rebound hypertension have been reported but are uncommon.

Allergic reactions to Nitrolowe are also uncommon, and the great majority of those reported have been cases of contact dermatitis or fixed drug eruptions in patients receiving Nitrolowe in ointments or patches. There have been a few reports of genuine anaphylactoid reactions, and these reactions can probably occur in patients receiving Nitrolowe by any route.

Extremely rarely, ordinary doses of organic nitrates have caused methemoglobinemia in normal-seeming patients. Methemoglobinemia is so infrequent at these doses that further discussion of its diagnosis and treatment is deferred.

Application-site irritation may occur but is rarely severe.

In two placebo-controlled trials of intermittent therapy with Nitrolowe patches at 0.2 to 0.8 mg/hr, the most frequent adverse reactions among 307 subjects were as follows:

Placebo

Patch

Headache

18%

63%

Lightheadedness

4%

6%

Hypotension and/or syncope

0%

4%

Increased angina

2%

2%

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC at 1-800-321-4576 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Nitrolowe contraindications

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What is the most important information I should know about Nitrolowe?

4.1 PDE-5-Inhibitors and sGC-Stimulators

Do not use Nitrolowe Lingual Spray in patients who are taking PDE-5 inhibitors, such as avanafil, sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil. Concomitant use can cause severe hypotension, syncope, or myocardial ischemia.

Do not use Nitrolowe Lingual Spray in patients who are taking the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator riociguat. Concomitant use can cause hypotension.

4.2 Severe Anemia

Nitrolowe Lingual Spray is contraindicated in patients with severe anemia (large doses of Nitrolowe may cause oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin and could exacerbate anemia).

4.3 Increased Intracranial Pressure

Nitrolowe Lingual Spray may precipitate or aggravate increased intracranial pressure and thus should not be used in patients with possible increased intracranial pressure (e. g. cerebral hemorrhage or traumatic brain injury).

4.4 Hypersensitivity

Nitrolowe Lingual Spray is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to Nitrolowe, other nitrates or nitrites or any excipient.

4.5 Circulatory Failure and Shock

Nitrolowe Lingual Spray is contraindicated in patients with acute circulatory failure or shock.



Active ingredient matches for Nitrolowe:

Nitroglycerin


List of Nitrolowe substitutes (brand and generic names)

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Unit description / dosage (Manufacturer)Price, USD
Nitrolingual aerosol spray 0.4 mg/dose / 12.2 mL bottle 200 dose x 1's (G Pohl-Boskamp)
Aerosol, Metered-Dose; Sublingual; Nitroglycerin 0.4 mg / dose (Egis pharmaceuticals)
Nitromint 0.4mg - 1 Spray (Egis pharmaceuticals)$ 14.60
Nitromint 2.6 mg x 3 Blister x 10 Tablet (Egis pharmaceuticals)
Nitromint 0.4 mg/1 dose x 180 doses (Egis pharmaceuticals)
Injectable; Subcutaneous; Nitroglycerin 1 mg / ml (Biobras)
Injectable; Subcutaneous; Nitroglycerin 5 mg / ml (Biobras)
Spray, Local Oral; Nitroglycerin 0.4 mg (Biobras)
Nitronal / amp 10 mg/10 mL x 10's (Biobras)$ 66.67
Nitronal / vial 50 mg/50 mL x 1's (Biobras)$ 33.33
Injectable; Injection; Nitroglycerin 1 mg / ml (Biobras)
Injectable; Injection; Nitroglycerin 5 mg / ml (Biobras)
Injectable; Injection; Nitroglycerin 1 mg / ml
Spray, Local Oral; Nitroglycerin 0.4 mg
Tablet, Delayed Release; Oral; Nitroglycerin 6.5 mg
Tablets, Delayed Release; Oral; Nitroglycerin 6.5 mg
Tablet, Extended Release; Oral; Nitroglycerin 2.6 mg
Tablets, Extended Release; Oral; Nitroglycerin 2.6 mg

References

  1. DailyMed. "NITROGLYCERIN: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
  2. PubChem. "nitroglycerin". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/com... (accessed September 17, 2018).
  3. DrugBank. "nitroglycerin". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00727 (accessed September 17, 2018).

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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology

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