Theophylline Santa Uses

• Theophylline Santa indications
• Uses of Theophylline Santa in details
• Theophylline Santa description
• Theophylline Santa dosage
• Theophylline Santa interactions
• Theophylline Santa side effects
• Theophylline Santa contraindications

What is Theophylline Santa?

Theophylline Santa injection is used together with other medicines to treat the acute symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and other lung diseases in a hospital setting.

Theophylline Santa belongs to a group of medicines known as bronchodilators. Bronchodilators are medicines that relax the muscles in the bronchial tubes (air passages) of the lungs. They relieve cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and troubled breathing by increasing the flow of air through the bronchial tubes.

Theophylline Santa is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Theophylline Santa indications

Oral

Acute bronchospasm

Adult: Patients not taking Theophylline Santa or other xanthine medication: Loading dose: 5 mg/kg.

Child: ≥1 yr Same as adult dose.

Elderly: Lower doses should be used.

Hepatic impairment: Reduce dose.

Oral

Chronic bronchospasm

Adult: 300-1,000 mg in divided doses 6-8 hrly. As modified-release preparation: 175-500 mg 12 hrly.

Child: <6 yr Not recommended; 6-12 yr 20-35 kg: 120-250 mg bid; >12 yr 250-500 mg bid.

Elderly: Lower doses should be used.

Hepatic impairment: Reduce dose.

Intravenous

Acute severe bronchospasm

Adult: Patients not taking Theophylline Santa or other xanthine medication: Loading dose: 4-5 mg/kg by infusion over 20-30 min. Maintenance dose: 0.4-0.6 mg/kg/hr.

Child: Patients not taking Theophylline Santa or other xanthine medication: Loading dose: 4-5 mg/kg by infusion over 20-30 min. Maintenance dose: 1-9 yr Initially, 0.8-1 mg/kg/hr; >9-12 yr Initially, 0.7-0.77 mg/kg/hr.

Elderly: Lower doses should be used.

Hepatic impairment: Reduce dose.

Incompatibility: Y-site: Cefepime, hetastarch in normal saline, phenytoin, ceftazidime. Syringe: Ceftriaxone.

Special Populations: Reduce dose in patients w/ cor pulmonale, heart failure, liver disease and fever. Smokers and those who consume alcohol may require higher maintenance dose.

How should I use Theophylline Santa?

Use Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Some foods may change the effectiveness or increase the side effects of Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules. Talk to your doctor about how you should take Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules with regard to food. Do not suddenly change your diet or eating habits without first checking with your doctor.
• Swallow Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules whole. Do not break, crush, or chew before swallowing.
• Take Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules at about the same time(s) each day. If you are using more than 1 dose per day, try to take the second dose 10 to 12 hours after your first dose and before the evening meal. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions about how to take Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules.
• If you are using 1 dose per day, take Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules in the morning unless your doctor tells you otherwise.
• Continue to take Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.
• If you miss a dose of Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Theophylline Santa sustained-release capsules.

Uses of Theophylline Santa in details

Use: Labeled Indications

Reversible airflow obstruction:

Oral: Treatment of symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma, or other chronic lung diseases (eg, emphysema, chronic bronchitis).

Injection: Treatment of acute exacerbations of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with asthma and other chronic lung diseases (eg, chronic bronchitis, emphysema) as an adjunct to inhaled beta-2 selective agonists and systemically administered corticosteroids. Guideline recommendations:

Guideline recommendations:

Asthma: The 2019 Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines (GINA) and the 2007 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Asthma Guidelines recommends against Theophylline Santa as a long-term control medication for asthma in children ≤5 years of age. Additionally, GINA guidelines do not recommend Theophylline Santa for asthma in children 6 to 11 years of age.

Oral Theophylline Santa is a potential alternative option (not preferred) in adolescents and adults as a long-term control medication in mild asthma or as an add-on long-term control medication in moderate to severe asthma; however, a stepwise approach using inhaled corticosteroids (+/- inhaled long-acting beta agonists depending on asthma severity) is preferred to Theophylline Santa due to efficacy concerns and potential for adverse events (GINA 2019). Both guidelines recommend against Theophylline Santa for the treatment of asthma exacerbations due to poor efficacy and safety concerns (GINA 2019; NAEPP 2007).

COPD: Based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Guidelines (2019), use of Theophylline Santa in patients with COPD is controversial and lacks data. Theophylline Santa may favorably impact functional impairment in COPD patients, but exact effects are unclear. Studies that demonstrated improvement were done with slow-release preparations. Theophylline Santa is not a preferred agent for COPD exacerbations due to its potential for toxicity.

Off Label Uses

Bradycardia, heart transplantation

Data from small observational studies suggest that Theophylline Santa may be beneficial for the treatment of bradycardia following heart transplantation.

Theophylline Santa description

Theophylline Santa is a chiral compound. The racemic mixture can be divided into its optical antipodes: levo- and dextro-amphetamine. Theophylline Santa is the parent compound of its own structural class, comprising a broad range of psychoactive derivatives, e.g., MDMA (Ecstasy) and the N-methylated form, methamphetamine. Theophylline Santa is a homologue of phenethylamine.

Theophylline Santa dosage

General Considerations

Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule) ®, like other extended-release Theophylline Santa products, is intended for patients with relatively continuous or recurring symptoms who have a need to maintain therapeutic serum levels of Theophylline Santa. It is not intended for patients experiencing an acute episode of bronchospasm (associated with asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema). Such patients require rapid relief of symptoms and should be treated with an immediate-release or intravenous Theophylline Santa preparation (or other bronchodilators) and not with extended-release products.

Patients who metabolize Theophylline Santa at a normal or slow rate are reasonable candidates for once-daily dosing with Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule) ®. Patients who metabolize Theophylline Santa rapidly (e.g., the young, smokers, and some nonsmoking adults) and who have symptoms repeatedly at the end of a dosing interval, will require either increased doses given once a day or preferably, are likely to be better controlled by a schedule of twice-daily dosing. Those patients who require increased daily doses are more likely to experience relatively wide peak-trough differences and may be candidates for twice-a-day dosing with Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule) ®.

Patients should be instructed to take this medication each morning at approximately the same time and not to exceed the prescribed dose.

Recent studies suggest that dosing of extended-release Theophylline Santa products at night (after the evening meal) results in serum concentrations of Theophylline Santa which are not identical to those recorded during waking hours and may be characterized by early trough and delayed peak levels. This appears to occur whether the drug is given as an immediate-release, extended-release, or intravenous product. To avoid this phenomenon when two doses per day are prescribed, it is recommended that the second dose be given 10 to 12 hours after the morning dose and before the evening meal.

Food and posture, along with changes associated with circadian rhythm, may influence the rate of absorption and/or clearance rates of Theophylline Santa from extended-release dosage forms administered at night. The exact relationship of these and other factors to nighttime serum concentrations and the clinical significance of such findings require additional study. Therefore, it is not recommended that

Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule) ® (when used as a once-a-day product) be administered at night.

Patients who require a relatively high dose of Theophylline Santa (i.e., a dose equal to or greater than 900 mg or 13 mg/kg, whichever is less) should not take Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule) ® less than 1 hour before a high-fat-content meal since this may result in a significant increase in peak serum level and in the extent of absorption of Theophylline Santa as compared to administration in the fasted state.

The steady-state peak serum Theophylline Santa concentration is a function of the dose, the dosing interval, and the rate of Theophylline Santa absorption and clearance in the individual patient. Because of marked individual differences in the rate of Theophylline Santa clearance, the dose required to achieve a peak serum Theophylline Santa concentration in the 10-20 mcg/mL range varies fourfold among otherwise similar patients in the absence of factors known to alter Theophylline Santa clearance (e.g., 400-1600 mg/day in adults < 60 years old and 10-36 mg/kg/day in children 1-9 years old). For a given population there is no single Theophylline Santa dose that will provide both safe and effective serum concentrations for all patients. Administration of the median Theophylline Santa dose required to achieve a therapeutic serum Theophylline Santa concentration in a given population may result in either sub-therapeutic or potentially toxic serum Theophylline Santa concentrations in individual patients. For example, at a dose of 900 mg/day in adults < 60 years or 22 mg/kg/day in children 1-9 years, the steady-state peak serum Theophylline Santa concentration will be < 10 mcg/mL in about 30% of patients, 10-20 mcg/mL in about 50% and 20-30 mcg/mL in about 20% of patients. The dose of Theophylline Santa must be individualized on the basis of peak serum Theophylline Santa concentration measurements in order to achieve a dose that will provide maximum potential benefit with minimal risk of adverse effects.

Transient caffeine-like adverse effects and excessive serum concentrations in slow metabolizers can be avoided in most patients by starting with a sufficiently low dose and slowly increasing the dose, if judged to be clinically indicated, in small increments. Dose increases should only be made if the previous dosage is well tolerated and at intervals of no less than 3 days to allow serum Theophylline Santa concentrations to reach the new steady state. Dosage adjustment should be guided by serum Theophylline Santa concentration measurement. Health care providers should instruct patients and care givers to discontinue any dosage that causes adverse effects, to withhold the medication until these symptoms are gone and to then resume therapy at a lower, previously tolerated dosage.

If the patient's symptoms are well controlled, there are no apparent adverse effects, and no intervening factors that might alter dosage requirements, serum Theophylline Santa concentrations should be monitored at 6 month intervals for rapidly growing children and at yearly intervals for all others. In acutely ill patients, serum Theophylline Santa concentrations should be monitored at frequent intervals, e.g., every 24 hours.

Theophylline Santa distributes poorly into body fat, therefore, mg/kg dose should be calculated on the basis of ideal body weight. Table V contains Theophylline dosing titration schema recommended for patients in various age groups and clinical circumstances. Table VI contains recommendations for Theophylline Santa dosage adjustment based upon serum Theophylline Santa concentrations. Application of these general dosing recommendations to individual patients must take into account the unique clinical characteristics of each patient. In general, these recommendations should serve as the upper limit for dosage adjustments in order to decrease the risk of potentially serious adverse events associated with unexpected large increases in serum Theophylline Santa concentration.

Table V. Dosing initiation and titration (as anhydrous Theophylline Santa).*

How supplied

Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule) ® (Theophylline Santa anhydrous) is supplied in extended-release capsules containing 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of anhydrous Theophylline Santa.

Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule) ® 100 mg capsules are yellow-orange and clear, with markings Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule), 100 mg, ucb, and 2832, supplied as:

Storage

Store below 77 °F (25 °C).

FOR MEDICAL INFORMATION Contact: Medical Affairs Department Phone: (800) 477-7877, Fax: (770) 970-8859. Manufactured for: UCB Pharma, Inc. Smyrna, GA 30080. by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals LLC Caguas, PR 00725. 04/2005.

Theophylline Santa interactions

See also:
What other drugs will affect Theophylline Santa?

Drug/Drug Interactions

Theophylline Santa interacts with a wide variety of drugs. The interaction may be pharmacodynamic, i.e., alterations in the therapeutic response to Theophylline Santa or another drug or occurrence of adverse effects without a change in serum Theophylline Santa concentration. More frequently, however, the interaction is pharmacokinetic, i.e., the rate of Theophylline Santa clearance is altered by another drug resulting in increased or decreased serum Theophylline Santa concentrations. Theophylline Santa only rarely alters the pharmacokinetics of other drugs.

The drugs listed in Table II have the potential to produce clinically significant pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions with Theophylline Santa. The information in the “Effect ” column of Table II assumes that the interacting drug is being added to a steady-state Theophylline Santa regimen. If Theophylline Santa is being initiated in a patient who is already taking a drug that inhibits Theophylline Santa clearance (e.g., cimetidine, erythromycin), the dose of Theophylline Santa required to achieve a therapeutic serum Theophylline Santa concentration will be smaller. Conversely, if Theophylline Santa is being initiated in a patient who is already taking a drug that enhances Theophylline Santa clearance (e.g., rifampin), the dose of Theophylline Santa required to achieve a therapeutic serum Theophylline Santa concentration will be larger. Discontinuation of a concomitant drug that increases Theophylline Santa clearance will result in accumulation of Theophylline Santa to potentially toxic levels, unless the Theophylline Santa dose is appropriately reduced. Discontinuation of a concomitant drug that inhibits Theophylline Santa clearance will result in decreased serum Theophylline Santa concentrations, unless the Theophylline Santa dose is appropriately increased.

The drugs listed in Table III have either been documented not to interact with Theophylline Santa or do not produce a clinically significant interaction (i.e., < 15% change in Theophylline Santa clearance).

The listing of drugs in Table II is current as of June 2004. The listing of drugs in Table III is current as of January 2, 1996. New interactions are continuously being reported for Theophylline Santa, especially with new chemical entities. The healthcare professional should not assume that a drug does not interact with Theophylline Santa if it is not listed in Table II. Before addition of a newly available drug in a patient receiving Theophylline Santa, the package insert of the new drug and/or the medical literature should be consulted to determine if an interaction between the new drug and Theophylline Santa has been reported.

Table II. Clinically significant drug interactions with Theophylline Santa*.

Table III. Drugs that have been documented not to interact with Theophylline Santa or drugs that produce no clinically significant interaction with Theophylline Santa.*

Drug/Food Interactions

Taking Theophylline Santa (Theophylline Santa anhydrous capsule) ® less than one hour before a high-fat-content meal, such as 8 oz whole milk, 2 fried eggs, 2 bacon strips, 2 oz hashed brown potatoes, and 2 slices of buttered toast (about 985 calories, including approximately 71 g of fat) may result in a significant increase in peak serum level and in the extent of absorption of Theophylline Santa as compared to administration in the fasted state. In some cases (especially with doses of 900 mg or more taken less than one hour before a high-fat-content meal) serum Theophylline Santa levels may exceed the 20 mcg/mL level, above which Theophylline Santa toxicity is more likely to occur.

The Effect of Other Drugs on Theophylline Santa Serum Concentration Measurements

Most serum Theophylline Santa assays in clinical use are immunoassays which are specific for Theophylline Santa. Other xanthines such as caffeine, dyphylline, and pentoxifylline are not detected by these assays. Some drugs (e.g., cefazolin, cephalothin), however, may interfere with certain HPLC techniques. Caffeine and xanthine metabolites in neonates or patients with renal dysfunction may cause the reading from some dry reagent office methods to be higher than the actual serum Theophylline Santa concentration.

Theophylline Santa side effects

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Theophylline Santa?

Adverse reactions associated with Theophylline Santa are generally mild when peak serum Theophylline Santa concentrations are < 20 mcg/ mL and mainly consist of transient caffeine-like adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and insomnia. When peak serum Theophylline Santa concentrations exceed 20 mcg/mL, however, Theophylline Santa produces a wide range of adverse reactions including persistent vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, and intractable seizures which can be lethal. The transient caffeine-like adverse reactions occur in about 50%of patients when Theophylline Santa therapy is initiated at doses higher than recommended initial doses (e.g., > 300 mg/day in adults and > 12 mg/kg/day in children beyond 1 year of age). During the initiation of Theophylline Santa therapy, caffeine-like adverse effects may transiently alter patient behavior, especially in school age children, but this response rarely persists. Initiation of Theophylline Santa therapy at a low dose with subsequent slow titration to a predetermined age-related maximum dose will significantly reduce the frequency of these transient adverse effects. In a small percentage of patients ( < 3%of children and < 10%of adults)the caffeine-like adverse effects persist during maintenance therapy, even at peak serum Theophylline Santa concentrations within the therapeutic range (i.e., 10-20 mcg/mL). Dosage reduction may alleviate the caffeine-like adverse effects in these patients, however, persistent adverse effects should result in a reevaluation of the need for continued Theophylline Santa therapy and the potential therapeutic benefit of alternative treatment.

Other adverse reactions that have been reported at serum Theophylline Santa concentrations < 20 mcg/mL include diarrhea, irritability, restlessness, fine skeletal muscle tremors, and transient diuresis. In patients with hypoxia secondary to COPD, multifocal atrial tachycardia and flutter have been reported at serum Theophylline Santa concentrations ≥ 15 mcg/mL. There have been a few isolated reports of seizures at serum Theophylline Santa concentrations < 20 mcg/mL in patients with an underlying neurological disease or in elderly patients. The occurrence of seizures in elderly patients with serum Theophylline Santa concentrations < 20 mcg/mL may be secondary to decreased protein binding resulting in a larger proportion of the total serum Theophylline Santa concentration in the pharmacologically active unbound form. The clinical characteristics of the seizures reported in patients with serum Theophylline Santa concentrations < 20 mcg/mL have generally been milder than seizures associated with excessive serum Theophylline Santa concentrations resulting from an overdose (i.e., they have generally been transient, often stopped without anticonvulsant therapy, and did not result in neurological residua).

Table IV. Manifestations of Theophylline Santa toxicity.*

Theophylline Santa contraindications

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Theophylline Santa?

Do not take Theophylline Santa in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Theophylline Santa overdose can occur if you accidentally take too much at one time, or if your daily doses are too high. To be sure you are using the correct dose, your blood will need to be tested often.

Do not start or stop smoking without first talking to your doctor. Smoking changes the way your body uses Theophylline Santa, and you may need to use a different dose.

Sometimes it is not safe to use certain drugs at the same time. Many drugs can interact with Theophylline Santa. Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use. Also tell your doctor if you start or stop using any of your other medications.

Stop using Theophylline Santa and call your doctor at once if you have severe or continued vomiting, rapid heartbeats, confusion, tremors, or seizure.

Active ingredient matches for Theophylline Santa:

Theophylline in Greece.

References

1. DailyMed. "THEOPHYLLINE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
2. PubChem. "theophylline". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/com... (accessed September 17, 2018).
3. DrugBank. "theophylline". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00277 (accessed September 17, 2018).

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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology