Tolol-XR Overdose

How times a day do you take this medicine?
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What happens if I overdose Tolol-XR?

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include difficult or slowed breathing; fainting; severe dizziness; very slow heart rate; weakness.

Proper storage of Tolol-XR:

Store Tolol-XR at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Tolol-XR out of the reach of children and away from pets.

Overdose of Tolol-XR in details

When a dose is taken in higher dose than the recommended doses, it is called Overdose. Overdose always needs a clinical supervision. Any medicine or drug when consumed in Overdose produces untoward side effects on one or various organs in the body. A medicine is excreted in the kidney or metabolized in the liver most of the times. This process goes without any hurdles when taken in normal dose, but when taken in an overdose, the body is not able to metabolize it or send it out properly which causes the effects of anoverdose.
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Signs and Symptoms - Overdosage of Tolol-XR Succinate extended-release tablets may lead to severe bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiogenic shock. Clinical presentation can also include: atrioventricular block, heart failure, bronchospasm, hypoxia, impairment of consciousness/coma, nausea and vomiting.

Treatment - Consider treating the patient with intensive care. Patients with myocardial infarction or heart failure may be prone to significant hemodynamic instability. Seek consultation with a regional poison control center and a medical toxicologist as needed. Beta-blocker overdose may result in significant resistance to resuscitation with adrenergic agents, including beta-agonists. On the basis of the pharmacologic actions of Tolol-XR, employ the following measures.

There is very limited experience with the use of hemodialysis to remove Tolol-XR, however Tolol-XR is not highly protein bound.

Bradycardia: Evaluate the need for atropine, adrenergic-stimulating drugs or pacemaker to treat bradycardia and conduction disorders.

Hypotension: Treat underlying bradycardia. Consider intravenous vasopressor infusion, such as dopamine or norepinephrine.

Heart failure and shock: May be treated when appropriate with suitable volume expansion, injection of glucagon (if necessary, followed by an intravenous infusion of glucagon), intravenous administration of adrenergic drugs such as dobutamine, with α1 receptor agonistic drugs added in presence of vasodilation.

Bronchospasm: Can usually be reversed by bronchodilators.

What should I avoid while taking Tolol-XR?

Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how Tolol-XR will affect you. Your reactions could be impaired.

Drinking alcohol can increase certain side effects of Tolol-XR.

Tolol-XR warnings

Warnings are a mix of Precautions. Contraindications and interactions and serious harmful effects associated with the medicine intake. A diabetic or Hypertensive patient need to be warned about few drug interactions. A known hypersensitivity patient needs to be careful about the reactions or anaphylactic shock. A pregnant woman or a breastfeeding woman should be warned of certain medications. A Hepatitis [liver disease] patient or a cardiac patient should avoid few drugs.
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Heart Failure

Beta blockers, like Tolol-XR, can cause depression of myocardial contractility and may precipitate heart failure and cardiogenic shock. If signs or symptoms of heart failure develop, treat the patient according to recommended guidelines. It may be necessary to lower the dose of Tolol-XR or to discontinue it.

Ischemic Heart Disease

Do not abruptly discontinue Tolol-XR therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. Severe exacerbation of angina, myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported in patients with coronary artery disease following the abrupt discontinuation of therapy with beta-blockers. When discontinuing chronically administered Tolol-XR, particularly in patients with coronary artery disease, the dosage should be gradually reduced over a period of 1 to 2 weeks and the patient should be carefully monitored. If angina markedly worsens or acute coronary insufficiency develops, Tolol-XR administration should be reinstated promptly, at least temporarily, and other measures appropriate for the management of unstable angina should be taken. Patients should be warned against interruption or discontinuation of therapy without the physician’s advice. Because coronary artery disease is common and may be unrecognized, it may be prudent not to discontinue Tolol-XR therapy abruptly even in patients treated only for hypertension.

Use During Major Surgery

Chronically administered beta-blocking therapy should not be routinely withdrawn prior to major surgery; however, the impaired ability of the heart to respond to reflex adrenergic stimuli may augment the risks of general anesthesia and surgical procedures.

Bradycardia

Bradycardia, including sinus pause, heart block, and cardiac arrest have occurred with the use of Tolol-XR. Patients with first-degree atrioventricular block, sinus node dysfunction, or conduction disorders may be at increased risk. Monitor heart rate and rhythm in patients receiving Tolol-XR. If severe bradycardia develops, reduce or stop Tolol-XR.

Exacerbation of Bronchospastic Disease

Patients with bronchospastic disease, should, in general, not receive beta blockers, including Tolol-XR. Because of its relative beta1 selectivity, however, Tolol-XR may be used in patients with bronchospastic disease who do not respond to, or cannot tolerate, other antihypertensive treatment. Because beta1 selectivity is not absolute use the lowest possible dose of Tolol-XR and consider administering Tolol-XR in smaller doses three times daily, instead of larger doses two times daily, to avoid the higher plasma levels associated with the longer dosing interval. Bronchodilators, including beta2 agonists, should be readily available or administered concomitantly.

Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

Beta-blockers may mask tachycardia occurring with hypoglycemia, but other manifestations such as dizziness and sweating may not be significantly affected.

Pheochromocytoma

If Tolol-XR is used in the setting of pheochromocytoma, it should be given in combination with an alpha blocker, and only after the alpha blocker has been initiated. Administration of beta-blockers alone in the setting of pheochromocytoma has been associated with a paradoxical increase in blood pressure due to the attenuation of beta-mediated vasodilatation in skeletal muscle.

Thyrotoxicosis

Tolol-XR may mask certain clinical signs (e.g., tachycardia) of hyperthyroidism. Avoid abrupt withdrawal of beta blockade, which might precipitate a thyroid storm.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Tolol-XR?

Some medical conditions may interact with Tolol-XR. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Tolol-XR. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Tolol-XR may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

Tolol-XR precautions

Certain people who are very sick or very old or who are sensitive show an exacerbation of side effect of the drug which can turn dangerous at times. So, it is very important to remember the precautions while taking the medicine. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding are also special categories wherein extra care or precaution is needed when taking a drug. Few patients may have a hypersensitivity reaction to few medications, and that can be life-threatening rarely. Penicillin hypersensitivity is one example. Diarrhea, rashes are few other symptoms which need a watch. A patient with other co-existing diseases like liver disease, heart disease, kidney disease should take special precautions.
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IV administration of calcium antagonists of the verapamil-type should not be given to patients treated with β-blockers.

Generally, when treating patients with asthma, concomitant therapy with a β2-agonist (tablet and/or aerosol) should be administered. The dosage of β2-agonists may require adjustment (increase) when treatment with S-Tolol-XR is started. The risk of S-Tolol-XR interfering with β2-receptors is however, less than with conventional tablet formulations of β1-selective blockers.

During treatment with S-Tolol-XR, the risk of interfering with carbohydrate metabolism or masking hypoglycemia is likely to be less than during treatment with conventional tablet formulations of β1-selective blockers and much less than with nonselective β-blockers.

Patients suffering from heart failure should have their decompensation treated both before and during treatment.

Very rarely, a preexisting AV conduction disorder of moderate degree may become aggravated (possibly leading to AV block).

If the patients develop increasing bradycardia, S-Tolol-XR should be given in lower doses or gradually withdrawn.

S-Tolol-XR may aggravate the symptoms of peripheral arterial circulatory disorders, mainly due to its blood pressure lowering effect.

Where S-Tolol-XR is prescribed for a patient known to be suffering from a phaeochromocytoma, an α-blocker should be given concomitantly.

Prior to surgery, the anesthetist should be informed that the patient is receiving S-Tolol-XR. It is not recommended to stop β-blocker treatment in patients undergoing surgery.

Abrupt interruption of Tolol-XR is to be avoided. Sudden withdrawal of β-blockade is hazardous, especially in high-risk patients, and may aggravate angina pectoris as well as increase the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death. Any withdrawal of S-Tolol-XR should therefore, if possible, be made gradually over at least 2 weeks when the dose is reduced by ½ in each step, down to the final dose when a 25-mg tablet is reduced to ½ tablet. The final dose should be given for at least 4 days before discontinuation. If symptoms occur, a slower withdrawal rate is recommended.

Use in pregnancy: Pregnancy category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Tolol-XR or S-Tolol-XR in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, use S-Tolol-XR during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Use in lactation: Racemic Tolol-XR was reported to be excreted in breast milk in very small quantities. An infant consuming 1 L of breast milk daily would receive a dose of <1 mg of Tolol-XR. Possible infant exposure must be considered when Tolol-XR/S-Tolol-XR is administered to a nursing woman.

Use in children: Safety and effectiveness of S-Tolol-XR has not been established in children; hence S-Tolol-XR is not recommended for use in this population.

What happens if I miss a dose of Tolol-XR?

When you miss a dose, you should take it as soon as you remember, but you should take care that it should be well spaced from the next dose. You should not take an extra dose at the time of the second dose as it will become a double dose. The double dose can give unwanted side effects, so be careful. In chronic conditions or when you have a serious health issue, if you miss a dose, you should inform your health care provider and ask his suggestion.

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.



References

  1. DailyMed. "METOPROLOL FUMARATE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
  2. DrugBank. "metoprolol". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00264 (accessed September 17, 2018).
  3. MeSH. "Antihypertensive Agents". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68... (accessed September 17, 2018).

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Information checked by Dr. Sachin Kumar, MD Pharmacology

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