Pregnancy is always a special situation where every action or side effect of the drug varies when compared to a situation of a non-pregnant patient. It is not only because the pregnant woman's metabolism differs due to the hormonal and other changes happened to her, but also because every medicine or its metabolite passes to the baby and shows its action there. The only thing is, be cautious, attentive and well supervised when you take any single drug in pregnancy. The interactions can vary in pregnancy, and the dosage may differ as well. Strict supervision of the Physician is mandatory.
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Phenazopyridine (Urovec) has been assigned to pregnancy category B by the FDA. Animal studies have failed to reveal evidence of fetal harm. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy. Phenazopyridine (Urovec) is only recommended for use during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk.
See references
Phenazopyridine (Urovec) breastfeeding
When a drug is taken when the patient is breast feeding, a part of the drug is secreted in her breast milk and is passed to the baby. The dosage of the medicine to mother and baby are different, and many drugs actions are side effects when you take them without a disease, and what if you the baby takes them without a disease? What if the drug is contraindicated in newborns, infants or children? So, breastfeeding is a very alarming situation when the mother is on medications. Ask your Physician or Pediatrician about the effect of the drug on the baby and how much is excreted in breast milk and if it harms the baby!
There are no data on the excretion of Phenazopyridine (Urovec) into human milk.
See references
References for pregnancy information
"Product Information. Pyridium (Phenazopyridine (Urovec))." Warner Chilcott Laboratories, Rockaway, NJ.
References for breastfeeding information
"Product Information. Pyridium (Phenazopyridine (Urovec))." Warner Chilcott Laboratories, Rockaway, NJ.
Pregnancy of Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) in details
Pregnancy is always a special situation where every action or side effect of the drug varies when compared to a situation of a non-pregnant patient. It is not only because the pregnant woman's metabolism differs due to the hormonal and other changes happened to her, but also because every medicine or its metabolite passes to the baby and shows its action there. The only thing is, be cautious, attentive and well supervised when you take any single drug in pregnancy. The interactions can vary in pregnancy, and the dosage may differ as well. Strict supervision of the Physician is mandatory.
Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) has been assigned to pregnancy category C by the FDA. Some animal studies have revealed evidence of teratogenicity. There are no controlled data in human pregnancies. Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) should only be given during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk. Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) use near term is considered contraindicated.
Like all sulfonamides, Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) crosses the placenta, reaching equilibrium with maternal serum within two to three hours after administration. Because sulfonamides compete with bilirubin for binding to serum albumin, free bilirubin levels rise in the presence of sulfonamides. Neonates are, therefore, at risk of hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, and kernicterus when sulfonamides are administered to the mother near term (prior to birth, the fetus is able to dispose of bilirubin via the placental circulation). While there are no definitive data to demonstrate an association between sulfonamides and congenital defects, four significant sources of information are worthy of mention. First, a retrospective study of 1,369 patients revealed that significantly more mothers of 458 offspring with congenital malformations had taken sulfonamides than did mothers of normal offspring. Second, a retrospective study of 599 offspring with oral clefts revealed a significantly greater exposure of sulfonamides during the first and second trimesters compared with matched controls. Significance was found only when other defects were present. Third, the Michigan Medicaid surveillance study showed a possible association between the combination drug, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and congenital defects (written communication. This report is a summary of information from two studies, one in which 1,116 of 104,000 pregnant women from 1980 to 1983, and one in which 2,296 of 229,000 pregnant women from 1985 to 1992 received TMP-SMX. In the first study 83 total defects (13 cardiovascular defects) were observed (14 and 2 were expected, respectively). In the second study, 126 total defects (37 cardiovascular defects) were observed (98 and 27 were expected, respectively). Cleft palate was observed in three cases in the latter study. These data support an association between TMP-SMX and congenital defects, although other causes, such as the underlying disease(s) of the mother, the contribution of trimethoprim, and concomitant drug therapy are unaccounted for. Fourth, and finally, the Collaborative Perinatal Project monitored 50,282 mother-child pairs, 1,455 of which had first trimester exposure to sulfonamides. In addition, a total of 5,689 exposures to sulfonamides at anytime during pregnancy were retrospectively analyzed. There was no evidence to suggest a relationship of sulfonamides to large categories of major or minor malformations. In summary, some experts, including Briggs, agree that in general sulfonamides as single agents do not appear to pose a significant teratogenic risk, but due to their potential toxicity to the neonate, they should be avoided near term.
See references
Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) breastfeeding
When a drug is taken when the patient is breast feeding, a part of the drug is secreted in her breast milk and is passed to the baby. The dosage of the medicine to mother and baby are different, and many drugs actions are side effects when you take them without a disease, and what if you the baby takes them without a disease? What if the drug is contraindicated in newborns, infants or children? So, breastfeeding is a very alarming situation when the mother is on medications. Ask your Physician or Pediatrician about the effect of the drug on the baby and how much is excreted in breast milk and if it harms the baby!
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Because Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) is relatively water-soluble, its concentration in milk is low. The average milk to maternal drug level ratio is 0.06. In one study, the total amount of Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) recovered in milk 48 hours after a 4-gram divided dose was equivalent to only 0.45%. These data indicate that Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) poses a very small risk to the nursing infant.
Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) is excreted into human milk in low concentrations. The manufacturer considers the use of Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) to be contraindicated in breast-feeding women. It is considered compatible with breast-feeding by the American Academy of Pediatrics if the infant is healthy and full-term. Breast-feeding should be avoided if the infant is premature, is ill, has hyperbilirubinemia, or has glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Because sulfonamides may cause kernicterus in infants less than 2 months of age, a decision should be made to discontinue (or substitute) drug therapy or discontinue breast-feeding based on the importance of the drug to the mother.
Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ.. "Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed." Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins (1998):
Nelson MA, Forfar JO "Associations between drugs administered during pregnancy and congenital abnormalities of the fetus." Br Med J 1 (1971): 523-7
Elliott GT, Quinn SL "Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) in human milk." J Pediatr 99 (1981): 171-2
Kauffman RE "Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) in human milk (reply)." J Pediatr 99 (1981): 172
Roberts RJ, Blumer JL, Gorman RL, et al "American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs: Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk." Pediatrics 84 (1989): 924-36
Kauffman RE, O'Brien C, Gilford P "Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) secretion into human milk." J Pediatr 97 (1980): 839-40
References for breastfeeding information
Kauffman RE "Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) in human milk (reply)." J Pediatr 99 (1981): 172
Committee on Drugs, 1992 to 1993 "The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk." Pediatrics 93 (1994): 137-50
Roberts RJ, Blumer JL, Gorman RL, et al "American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs: Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk." Pediatrics 84 (1989): 924-36
Elliott GT, Quinn SL "Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) in human milk." J Pediatr 99 (1981): 171-2
Kauffman RE, O'Brien C, Gilford P "Sulfisoxazole (Urovec) secretion into human milk." J Pediatr 97 (1980): 839-40
Pregnancy is always a special situation where every action or side effect of the drug varies when compared to a situation of a non-pregnant patient. It is not only because the pregnant woman's metabolism differs due to the hormonal and other changes happened to her, but also because every medicine or its metabolite passes to the baby and shows its action there. The only thing is, be cautious, attentive and well supervised when you take any single drug in pregnancy. The interactions can vary in pregnancy, and the dosage may differ as well. Strict supervision of the Physician is mandatory.
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Tetracycline (Urovec) crosses the placenta (Leblanc 1967). Tetracyclines accumulate in developing teeth and long tubular bones (Mylonas 2011). Permanent discoloration of teeth (yellow, gray, brown) can occur following in utero exposure and is more likely to occur following long-term or repeated exposure. The pharmacokinetics of Tetracycline (Urovec) are not altered in pregnant patients with normal renal function (Whalley 1966; Whalley 1970). Hepatic toxicity during pregnancy, potentially associated with Tetracycline (Urovec) use, has been reported. Pregnant women with renal disease may be more likely to develop hepatic failure with Tetracycline (Urovec) use.
As a class, tetracyclines are generally considered second-line antibiotics in pregnant women and their use should be avoided (Mylonas 2011). Many guidelines consider use of Tetracycline (Urovec) to be contraindicated during pregnancy, or to be a relative contraindication in pregnant women if other agents are available and appropriate for use (Anderson 2013; CDC 2011; HHS [OI adult 2015]; Stevens 2014; Workowski [CDC 2015]; Wormser 2006). When systemic antibiotics are needed for dermatologic conditions in pregnant women, other agents are preferred (Kong 2013; Murase 2014).
Tetracycline (Urovec) breastfeeding
When a drug is taken when the patient is breast feeding, a part of the drug is secreted in her breast milk and is passed to the baby. The dosage of the medicine to mother and baby are different, and many drugs actions are side effects when you take them without a disease, and what if you the baby takes them without a disease? What if the drug is contraindicated in newborns, infants or children? So, breastfeeding is a very alarming situation when the mother is on medications. Ask your Physician or Pediatrician about the effect of the drug on the baby and how much is excreted in breast milk and if it harms the baby!
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Tetracycline (Urovec) is excreted into human milk in small amounts. Theoretical risks of dental staining and inhibition of bone growth exist, although are unlikely. In one study, Tetracycline (Urovec) levels were undetectable in nursing infants. Tetracycline (Urovec) is considered compatible with breast-feeding by the American Academy of Pediatrics. However, the manufacturer recommends that because of the risk of serious potential adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to continue breast-feeding or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
See references
References for pregnancy information
Koren G, Pastuszak A, Ito S "Drugs in pregnancy." N Engl J Med 338 (1998): 1128-37
Whalley PJ, Martin FG, Adams RH, Combes B "Disposition of Tetracycline (Urovec) by pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis." Obstet Gynecol 36 (1970): 821-6
Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ.. "Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed." Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins (1998):
References for breastfeeding information
Committee on Drugs, 1992 to 1993 "The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk." Pediatrics 93 (1994): 137-50
Roberts RJ, Blumer JL, Gorman RL, et al "American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs: Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk." Pediatrics 84 (1989): 924-36
"Tetracycline (Urovec) in breast milk." Br Med J 4 (1969): 791
Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ.. "Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed." Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins (1998):
References
DailyMed. "TETRACYCLINE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
DailyMed. "SULFISOXAZOLE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme... (accessed September 17, 2018).
PubMed Health. "Tetracycline (Mucous membrane, oral route): This section provide the link out information of drugs collectetd in PubMed Health. ". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhe... (accessed September 17, 2018).
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